Communicating At Work By Ronald B. Essay - 1654 Words

1.1 Culture Cultures differ from nation to nation. Culture plays an important role in communicating with other people. In Matthew Arnolds’ Culture and Anarchy (1867), culture is described as â€Å"special intellectual or artistic endeavors or products.† In Primitive Culture, Edward B. Tylor (1871) defined culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. all folks â€Å"have† culture, learned by virtue of membership in some social group – society. In the book â€Å"Communicating at Work† by Ronald B. Adiel and Jeanne Marquardt Elmhorst, the definition of culture is â€Å"a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people.† Culture is distinguished by the way of speaking, language, clothing, norms, values and beliefs. Culture differences influence the way people communicate. For instance, in China and Japan, exchanging inexpensive presents at first meeting is imperative. But in western countries, gifts are not anticipated initially. Gifts in number of four are prevented in Japan because four sounds like death. Similarly, in doing business, the role of formality is high in Asia but significantly lower in western countries. Therefore, the awareness of cross-cultural variations as well as similarities can lead to an effective international communication. 1.2 Influence of Culture on ConsumerShow MoreRelatedPortfolio Of Learning Assignment : Assignment814 Words   |  4 Pagesdisfluencies during the presentation and I need to gratuitous fillers. From the â€Å"Competent Communicator graphic I learned that in order to become a competent communicator I need to listen effectively to others and think logically reasonably before communicating with others. SELF REFLECTION AND META COGNITION In the beginning of Managerial communications course my teacher Amanda Le Rougetel gave me a sheet on which I wrote about oral communication and presentations. I just wrote that it is sharing of ourRead MorePromotional Strategy And Effective Marketing Communication1002 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal selling. The promotional strategy used depends on the marketplace. Sometimes it is necessary to use more than one media method within a given campaign. (Marshall/Johnston, 2015) Traditional promotion is becoming more and more distant. Communicating with customers and the target audience has now reached new more modern heights. 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He said â€Å"NextRead MoreMedia Coverage of Homicides Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesalluded to the fact that the American news media is â€Å"accountable to the corporate conglomerates† and not â€Å"to the readers, listeners, and viewers (205).† Probably the most telling quotation of all can be found in Chapter 10 of The News Media: Communicating Political Images which states;†the bottom line, rather than the public interest, increasingly drives news coverage (353).† According to Lundman (2003), the vast majority of journalists will â€Å"devote inordinate attention to murder (358).† With theRead More Wages Essays1435 Words   |  6 Pagesbody parts. Today, one of the many things that we are dealing with in the working world is that men and women at the same level positions are being paid different wages, monies earned at a rate for work done. How can that be? It should not; men and women have the same ability to do the same types of work, as well as, hold management positions. Therefore, women should be paid at the same rate as men while working at equal or higher working status. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many people argue thatRead MoreWhat Defines Gender? Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesThere is significant research to prove that males brains work in different fashions than females do and it is directly related to which sex they are. Females are more expressive, understanding, supportive, tentative, and conversationalists. Men are more descriptive, involved, advising, certain, and conversation controlling, as studies found in Communicating at Work. Principles and Practices for Business and the Professions. By Ronald B. Adler and Jeanne Marquadt Elmhorst. The Vagina MonologuesRead More Hitlers Powerful Leadership Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagestheir leadership techniques. Bad news travels fast and the effects are very difficult to restore; the hardest thing for a manager to hear are whispers from a cubicle, Here comes little Hitler.    WORKS CITED    Adler, Ronald B., and Jeanne Marquardt Elmhorst. Communicating at Work. New York: McGraw Hill, 1996. Chambers, Mortimer., et al. The Western Experience. Volume C. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995. Ellul, Jacques. Propaganda: The Formation of Mens Attitudes. NewRead MoreEssay on Listening for Understanding1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen doing this all of my life of course I can listen. Listening is not inherited, or a personality trait, it is a skill that must be worked on and practiced. Anybody can become a good listener if they are committed to learn how and are willing to work hard. The first mistake that people tend to make when listening is to not make any type of comments while listening. They tend to just stand there and listen while the speaker talks. This can become very frustrating for the speaker and the listenerRead MoreContinuing Academic Success Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesLast but not least, there is the auditory mode which includes listening, rhythms, tone and chants. According to, Alsop Ryan, 1996, learning styles have a profound impact on learning. Personal awareness of learning styles and confidence in communicating this is the first steps towards achieving an optimal learning environment. (Alsop Ryan, 1996.) Discovering your personal learning style helps you with your skill development. This also gives you personal awareness and helps you to utilizeRead MoreEssay on Analysis of My Big Fat Greek Wedding1253 Words   |  6 Pagespositive and negative communication that influenced the main character’s life decisions. The story is about a young woman, named Toula, that is of Greek decent who is fearful of being stuck in the life she is now living. She is a frumpy girl that works in her family’s restaurant because she has not been able to find a Greek man to marry, and because of this, her family claims that she is old and has failed in life. She is allowed to attend college, which in turn, gives her new confidence and she

Evaluation Of An Obesity Intervention / Health Promotion...

Delimitations This study will delimited to the following: 1. Thirty subjects 2. Subjects who will meet following criteria at the time of the screening. (At least two) BMI- Moderate or High BMI range (equal to 25 or more than it) Waist Circumference- greater than or equal to 88cm Prehypertensive and Hypertensive adults- Ranges BP from 120/80 mmHg and 139/89 mmHg or more. Family history of hypertension American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines (2) will be used as the resource for establishing these criteria. 3. Subject will avoid medication such as antihypertensive, dyslipidemia drugs. 4. Studies will carry out in westernized, developed country people at California Baptist University. Limitation: This study will be limited by the following: Participants will not take part in any form of part of an obesity Intervention/health promotion program. They should not be having any underlying diseases specially thyroidism. Assumptions: The assumptions of this study are as under, 1. The hypertensive subjects are overweight so they are expected to have high neck circumference, abdominal obesity and arterial stiffness also the measurement of these variable will be taken by stretch resistance tape which will provide reliable and valid data for screening. 2. Throughout the screening process subject will strictly follow the instruction such as not taking any medications. Definition of Terms: 1. Anthropometric Measurements- It is a set of noninvasive, quantitativeShow MoreRelatedPreventing Obesity among School Children through Healthier School Meals1323 Words   |  5 PagesPreventing Obesity Among School Children through Healthier School Meals Obesity and overweight are among the pressing health problems among children and adolescents in the developed world. Obesity refers to an excess amount of body fat whereas overweight can be measured by the BMI index or height-weight ratio. According to the WHO (2012), obesity and overweight are the fifth largest risk for global deaths. Introduction Obesity and overweight among children and adolescents has increasedRead MoreIn Regard To The Scenario Given In The Case Study On Increasing1692 Words   |  7 PagesIn regard to the scenario given in the case study on increasing overweight and obesity cases in Nueva Luna, I would propose a nutrition and healthy living promotion program which would be implemented in the county. The main goal of this program is to reduce and prevent obesity and overweight levels in the community of Nueva Luna. This goal would be achieved through implementation of activities that promote improvements in nutrition, physical activities and support a good environment. The model thatRead MoreWe Must Work Together to Address Childhood Obesity850 Words   |  4 Pagesthe health promotion initiatives can be accomplished when the there is support and engagement by a community. 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If prevalence and incidence of obesity continues to increase in children, long term illnesses start producing, which can hinder an individual’s life span. In addition to chronic illnesses being produced, obesity can also hinder the social and psychological wellbeing. As children are growing with obesityRead MoreThe Population Of Interest Used By Charles Georges County Maryland1669 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest used will include African American Ma les and Females ages 18 and above. This project is about organizing a health fair in Prince Georges County in which the selected population was educated about health care outcomes for high blood pressure; diabetes and obesity. Majority of the populace who attended the fair were either low income residents or uninsured. Diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure is known to have increased risk of stroke and heart disease (Sowers, Epstein, Frohlich, 2001)Read MoreBehavior Change Theory Selected And Reason For Selecting1326 Words   |  6 PagesSelection: Obesity B. Theory Behavior Change Theory Selected and Reason for Selecting The Social Cognitive Theory is learning by observing and interacting with others. This works perfect for my case study because children mimic what they see other children do. They also watch their older influences and do as them. I will use this theory by setting up programs for the children along with their families. This is targeting the obesity problem in 8 to 14 year old. I plan on implementing programs for children’s

It Impact on Business

Questions: You are to research an actual business examples and the impact of IT on that business. Important points 1) Does business need IT? 2) Why IT is important for business survival 3) What is required to apply IT into business? (Cost, planning, designing, equipment, installation, training, etc) 4) How does business use IT? (internally such as staff, employees, and externally such as customers, suppliers) 5) What benefits and advantages does IT bring to business? (Revenue, flexibility, reduces cost, etc.). Answers: Introduction This report recommends that subsequent to the use of IT in the health care industry is the key element of the association exercises, the establishment of the IT for dealing with this data is the previous and the last of enhancing the health-care organization arrangements. IT can possibly enhance the quality, well-being, and proficiency of social insurance. Dispersion of IT in human services is by and large low yet studies demonstrate that suppliers plan to expand business speculations. Drivers of interest in Information Technology incorporate the ensures the value and effectiveness picks up. Certain attributes of the well-being care market including installment strategies which remunerate volume to quality, as well as, the divided conveyance system might likewise posture boundaries to IT appropriation. This study includes the study about Hospital Johns Hopkins which is a teaching hospital, as well as, a bio-medical research center of the Johns Hopkins Medicine school, located in the United States. This study includes how IT help the hospital to enhance their health care system. Business needs IT Johns Hopkins Hospital, utilize cutting edge advances and developments, a number of which were spearheaded by their own particular specialists and clinicians.Hopkins hospital innovation upgrades understanding consideration in three ways: greater exactness and well-being, a more agreeable patient experience, Improved coordination and a smoother work process. By giving suitable approaches to suppliers, as well as, their patients so they attain promptly health services and utilize well-being data, IT must enhance the security, quality, and proficiency of medicinal services. Notwithstanding, moderately few social insurance suppliers have fully received Information Technology. Low dissemination just because of a multifaceted nature of Information Technology speculation.Moreover, several parts of a business sector, for instance, installment methodologies that remunerate volume instead of value and the fracture of consideration conveyance never advance IT speculation, as well as, may frustr ate it. As a result of its potential, policymakers need to appropriately look how the IT is diffusing crosswise on the suppliers, whether activity to further reception is required, as well as, provided that this is true, what steps may be taken ("Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Healthcare in 2015", 2016). IT is vital for the business survival Conveying quality medicinal services require suppliers, as well as, patients to incorporate complex information from the wide range sources. Therefore, expanding the capacity of clinical professionals, doctors, attendants, as well as, others promptly get to, as well as, utilize accurate data about their patients ought to enhance care. The capacity for patients to acquire data to appropriately deal with condition or to speak with the well-being framework could enhance the productivity or nature of consideration. This profitability to enhance care makes more extensive dissemination of the IT desirable. Essential or vital inspirations for receiving numerous clinical well-being in Hopkins Hospital IT applications is a conviction which enhance nature of the patient consideration (Coulter, 2011). However, the advance examination is expected to better report and comprehend connection between the IT, as well as, quality, including value issues of IT can be utilized easily to illuminate and e xecution methodologies to ensure that the quality goals must met. Quality social insurance depends on doctors, patients, attendants, as well as, their families, having the accurate data at ideal time, additionally, utilizing it to settle on right choices. Requirements to apply IT Managerial and money related frameworks which encourage charging, other authoritative assignments, as well as, bookkeeping; clinical frameworks which encourage and give a contribution to the consideration procedure; and framework that backings for both the authoritative, as well as, clinical applications. The expenses of actualizing Information Technology go past acquiring the innovation to providing, preparing the best frameworks support, which contextual analyses demonstrate essential for achievement (Day, 2016). Getting advantage from Information Technology by and large requires changing the work forms, that must be testing to buy, as well as, establishment of IT. Business utilizes IT At the same time as information technology solutions might contribute to the achievement of Hopkins health facility, there are several unique prices to take into account. Further to the value of implementing the Information Technology answer, Hopkins clinic ought to hire rather knowledgeable, as well as, specialized workers to preserve, display, enlarge and repair hospital Information Technology infrastructure. Modern facts and new era has gained recognition unexpectedly from the twentieth century, as well as, trend is probable to keep into future (Dettenkofer, 2013). Like Information Technology solutions preserve to increment the performance and effectiveness of enterprise operations and communications, and therefore customers and suppliers will continue depend on the Information Technology for success in Hopkins health facility. Benefits of IT for business As far as Functionality, as well as, flexibility, inside IT, can enhance foundation execution in this manner expanding the usefulness and the scope of choices that can be sought after. Remotely, it can make a productive, adaptable online or disconnected from the net stage for working with clients, suppliers and accomplices. At Hopkins Hospital, IT can inside enhance interior working productivity and quality. Remotely, it can streamline and coordinate channels to advertise, make new channels and incorporate numerous online and disconnected from the net channels (Shaw, 2012). Cuts expenses of operation and expansions: Communication innovation and social innovation have made Hopkins Hospital health care system advancement and item dispatch moderate. Numerous little business has discovered approaches to utilize social innovation to increment on their image mindfulness and get more customers at a negligible expense. So when Hopkins Hospital uses data innovation to eliminate expenses of operation, then Hopkins Hospital ROI will increment which will come about into business development(Koontz, 1960). Work Remotely: Information Technology frameworks give Hopkins Hospital remote access for hospitals electronic framework, with the motive that they can easily telecommute. This availability permits Hopkins Hospital to expand their efficiency since hospital can and complete work, notwithstanding when they are not at all physically in the place of work (Lee, 2001). Risk of Information Technology in business General dangers Information Technology frameworks, as well as, information include: Gadget and programming breakdown in Hopkins health center, for instance, electricity misfortune and statistics defilement. Malware, as well as, malignant programming meant to dissatisfied laptop operation. Infections and the PC code which must duplicate itself, as well as, spread beginning with one laptop then onto following, frequently scary laptop operations. Spam, phishing and tricks spontaneous e-mail that looks to trick people into the uncovering individual diffused elements and shopping fake products.Off base information preparing, imprudent information transfer, and inadvertent opening of the contaminated email or messages connections. Security hazard implies that there may be unapproved access to or burglary of exclusive information (Lundberg, 2000). Representatives regularly post their corporate email addresses on outer sites. These can be gotten and used to hack into other corporate records or surge worker in-boxes with undesirable spam. Introducing unapproved remote access focuses additionally expands the danger that outside specialists could hack into organization servers. It likewise corrupts the nature of the inner remote neighborhood framework, subsequently possibly bringing about lost profitability (Shaw, 2010) . Maintain and monitor IT Resource Reporting: Observe of equipment and programming resources, and in addition exhaustive reports enumerating all gadgets and programming on Hopkins Hospital system. Hopkins Hospital can likewise precisely evaluate and suggest what they will require as the business develops. Security Information Technology Monitoring: Through day by day checking of hospitals security equipment, our designers will alleviate security issues before interlopers can abuse any vulnerabilities (Runciman, Merry, Walton, 2007). Mechanized framework Information Technology Monitoring: Give every minute of every day checking of your framework movement to ensure your equipment is working ideally. With this level of checking, Hopkins Hospital specialists can recognize and rectify issues before they affect their health care system (Mostashari, 2014). Reinforcement IT Monitoring: The most imperative resource in Hopkins Hospital is information, and it is important that their information is secured. Hopkins Hospital will screen their reinforcement frameworks every day and resolve any issues that happen. In the case of disappointment, they need to make essential revisions and advise these progressions. Security Patch administration: Execute a security patch approach on hospitals system and consequently apply basic patches as they get to be accessible. This stays up with the latest and running easily. Malware safety: Introduce and keep up an industry-standard Malware approach on Hopkins Hospital system. Hopkins Hospital can rest guaranteed that they are secured by a framework that is consequently redesigned (Ness, 2013). Conclusion This study concludes that the IT use in human services is developing, however, suppliers do encounter boundaries. Usage is troublesome, making the danger of speculation high. Numerous open and private associations support expanded utilization of well-being IT, yet more might be vital. This study, likewise investigates in more profundity potential open activities to support dissemination, including endeavors inside the Medicare program.The effect of Information Technology in the corporations inclusive of the superior statistics about customers, the greater, as well as, smaller correct inventories, downward tendencies in running margins, as well as, real purchaser prices and the elevated firm or shop size are a number of the elements which have contributed to facilitating companies' operation. Recommendations Every technology has some pros and some cons. it can make a productive, adaptable online or disconnected from the net stage for working with clients, suppliers and accomplices, and it can enhance interior working productivity and quality. It also provides remote access to hospitals electronic system, with the goal that they can telecommute. But on the other hand it also acts as a source for harming the system. The power misfortune or information defilement, affect from viruses are the few issues that can affect the hospital data. If it makes any changes in the hospital data, then it will affect the health of the patients and in short it will also harm the goodwill of the hospital. So, proper security techniques like encryption, firewall, etc. should be used for securing the data. Bibliography Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Healthcare in 2015. (2016). Healthcare, 4(1), 12. Coulter, A. (2011). Engaging patients in healthcare. Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Day, J. (2016). Technology Innovations | The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Hopkinsmedicine.org. Dettenkofer, M. (2013). Healthcare environment decontamination. Healthcare Infection, 18(1), 47-48. Doganaksoy, N. and Hahn, G. (2014). Data Mining: A Gateway to Better Data Gathering. Statistical Analysis Data Mining, 1(4), pp.280-283.. (2016). Retrieved 31 May 2016, from Duffy, j. (2015). The Best Cloud Storage Services for 2015. PCMag India.. Retrieved 31 May 2016, from Koontz, A. (1960). JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL. JAMA, 174(2), 202. Lee, C. (2001). Modeling the business value of information technology. Information Management, 39(3), 191-210. Lundberg, N. (2000). IT in healthcare. Goteborg. Mostashari, F. (2014). Health information technology and Healthcare. Healthcare, 2(1), 1-2. Ness, D. (2013). Healthcare: Serving the Patient. Healthcare, 1(3-4), 58. Runciman, B., Merry, A., Walton, M. (2007). Safety and ethics in healthcare. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Shaw, G. (2010). The healthcare debate. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. Shaw, M. (2012). Mentorship in healthcare. [Place of publication not identified]: M K Update Ltd.

Free essay example on Cubism Example For Students

Free essay example on Cubism Cubism is one of the first forms of abstract art. Cubism was a movement in painting that sought to break down objects into basic shapes of cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones. Cubism originated in France and was influenced by African sculptures and by Paul Cezanne. The first cubist works were those in which objects, landscapes, and people are represented as many-sided solids. This enables you to see various views of the object at the same time. Later, cubism changed using a flatter type of abstraction, in which the complete pattern, becomes more important, and the objects represented are largely indecipherable. At first, most artists painted with little color. Most paintings were either monochromatic or gray, blue, brown, and white. The final phase of cubism is called synthetic. In this phase color reappears as a primary element in the artwork. Cezanne was an artist who led the way to cubism or abstract art. Before Cezanne, artists would portray the world realistically. It is above all CÃÆ' ©zannes obsession with formal elements of composition and his use of color as tone rather than the Impressionist pursuit of light on surface that makes his art so important to those who followed. CÃÆ' ©zannes works made it possible for artists to start to question what they saw, the way in which they saw it, and how they interpreted and represented what was in front of them. Cezanne felt that paintings should reflect artists sensations made into a pictorial form by brush strokes, color, and lines. He was known to work slowly and use colors to build shapes. In the still-life pictures that he made of fruits and bowls one can tell that he worked slowly as there are different and contradicting shadows in his pictures. Early in his career Cezanne loved to paint Sainte-Victoire landscapes. Later he painted portraits such as Woman with a Coffee Pot and The Card Players. When he began to paint landscape again he used the bathers in his paintings. Later Cezanne would have a great impact on Picassos paintings. Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous cubists. As he grew up his father encouraged him to become an artist. From 1901 to 1904 is called the Blue Period because Picasso used blue tones when he painted and his paintings showed poverty, death, and blindness. The Blue Period marks a deliberate step towards a plastic representation of form and emotional subject matter. From 1904-1906, the Rose Period is when Picasso painted circuses, actors, and harlequin. This is when he visits family in Barcelona, Spain, and refreshes his memories of Romanesque and Gothic art. Even more important to him at this time was the discovery of Iberian sculpture dating from pre-Roman times, examples of which had been recently acquired by the Louvre. They attracted him by their unorthodox proportions, their disregard for refinement, and their rude barbaric strength. These influences rapidly gained an important place in his work, and lead to the sculptural distortions of nudes painted on his return to Paris. From 1907-1909 is called the Negro Period. The paintings of Cezanne became familiar to Picasso. Picasso had also discovered the greatness of an obscure old man, Douanier Rousseau. These were the years when the power of primitive art imported from Africa and the South Seas was beginning to be noticed by certain painters in Paris, and styles which had formally been despised as barbaric began to be recognized as possessing great emotive strength. Picasso painted Les Demoiselles dAvignon to recapture primitive art. The new style depended in particular on a simplification of form and a clarification of the methods by which it was depicted. .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 , .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .postImageUrl , .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 , .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76:hover , .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76:visited , .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76:active { border:0!important; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76:active , .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76 .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a43272b49f948d0f6ba38471a04bc76:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pablo Picasso And Cubism EssayWith a disregard for classical tradition, distortions were used freely to emphasize volume and convey emotional sensation. Picasso said I paint objects as I think them, not as I see them. Picasso was increasingly drawn to making creations according to his own internal vision. In African art he had found a conceptual art which was not based on immediate visual reactions to a model. The original impact had been violent. It had forged the first real link between African art and Western ideas and it was followed during the two years that succeeded the painting of Les Demoiselles dAvignon. At this point Braque and Picasso began to clarify and systematize a new conception of the painters experience. They felt that they should analyze an object, break it down shapes, flatten them, change colors, and reassemble them so that they could be conceived from all angles. This method was called analytical cubism. Synthetic cubism is seen in the painting The Three Musicians at this point new technique of paper collage proved to be an important discovery. There was a return to color, and texture became very important. The difference between the two phases of cubism may also be defined in terms of picture space: facet cubism retains a certain kind of depth, the painted surface acts as a window through which we still perceive remnants of the familiar perspective space of the Renaissance. This space lies behind the picture plane and has no visible limits; it may contain objects that are hidden from our view. In collage cubism, on the contrary, the picture space lies in front of the plane of the tray; Space is created not by illusionistic devices such as modeling or foreshortening, but by actual overlapping of layers of pasted materials. Later Picasso made many paintings of female figures where he emphasized the fullness of their form. During the war he painted Guernica which combines a violent surrealist distortion and color. After the war he painted The Three Dancers which was the first painting to show violent distortions in which the human form is torn apart, he invents new anatomies incorporating the world of dreams mixed with reality. Picasso did sculptures, lithographs, and ceramics. In many of his artworks you can see a bull. As originally conceived by Picasso and Braque, Cubism offered a formal discipline of subtle balance, used for traditional subjects- still  life, portraiture, the nude. Other painters, however, saw in the new style a special affinity with the geometric precision of engineering that made it uniquely attuned to the dynamism of modern times. Georges Braque led the development of Cubism with Picasso. The qualities which distinguish his Cubist paintings from Picassos- his fluent painterliness and his natural ability as a rich but subtle colorist- predominant in a work like Guitar and Jug the still life remained his principle theme from the Gueridon Series to the climatic Atelier Series in which the scope of the still life extends to include the studio, the artist, his model and even the painting itself. Many of his works portray geometric forms of the subjects, yet the subjects in many of his paintings are unrecognizable. There are two other cubists worth mentioning. Ferdinand Ledger uses modern technology in his paintings. He uses machines, construction workers, and the workingman in many of his paintings. Juan Gris uses Synthetic cubism and his paintings create their own reality rather than imitating the reality of nature. The art critics are correct when they say that Cubism changed art. The cubists Braque and Picasso developed art independent of reality. They felt an artist could look beyond the superficial appearance of what they painted. The artists became free from his traditional obligation to paint natural appearances as illustrated in many of their paintings. An artist was able to distort, invent, create, and put their dreams into their paintings. Many people use the collage, which they developed, today. I feel that although the paintings are broken up into geometric shapes one can see parts of the object that the artists wanted them to represent. This indicates to me that their pictures were planned rather than arbitrarily done.