Essay --

Johann Heinrich lambert was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. Born in the Republic of Mulhouse in 1728, Lambert died at the age of forty-nine. He is widely regarded for his invention of the Hygrometer, which is apply to measure moisture in the air. Lambert is also credited for his performance in Lambert-Beer-Bouguer Law and Transverse Mercator Projection.Johann Heinrich Lambert didnt come from the wealthiest of families. His parents were tailors. Therefore, at the age of twelve, recognizing his familys financial condition, Lambert ceased traditional education and dropped aside of school. He worked alongside his father in order to help provide. Lambert didnt let this deter him completely, however. He was capable in two French and Latin, and spent his free time educating himself to the best of his ability. It wasnt until subsequently he became the assistant to Professor Basler Zeitung of Basel University, that he was able to return to his studies. He then had a br ief stint as a clerk due to his impeccable handwriting. When he was twenty he tutored the sons of Count Salis ...

Energy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels Essay -- Environment Environm

Energy and the Environment Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels are hotshot of the intimately important things on this planet to the human race. Without fossil fuels we wouldnt suck in todays current means of transportation, we would have less heating for the general population, null uses would be more expensive, and overall the economy and the world would not be able to sustain themselves. Even still, the incident that fossil fuels are on this planet leave never change, but how we use them and what impacts their use has will always be an essence.Even though fossil fuels provide for the most percentage of energy usage in the world, there is still the issue of pollution and other environmental impacts. Just oil and natural shoot a line alone provide for more than 60 percent of the energy consumed in the United States (US Dept. of Energy). With this amount of fossil fuel usage taking place, and the fact that burning, transporting, recovering, and processing fossil fuels creates pollution, one can see how much tally damage that is occurring on a daily basis. Some of the many environmental impacts from the result...

The Toltec, Aztec, and Mayan Indian Tribes Essay -- Pre-Columbian Hist

The Toltec, Aztec, and Mayan Indian TribesTOLTECS The Toltecs were an Indian tribe who existed from 900 A.D. to 1200. Theyhad a capital city of Tollan, and their influences reached south to theYucatan and Guatemala. They were a composite tribe of Nahua, Otomi, andNonoalca. The Tolt ecs make immense stone columns decorated like totem poles.AZTECS Aztecs were an American Indian citizenry who rule an empire in Mexico duringthe 1400s and early 1500s. They practiced a pietism that affected everypart of their lives. To worship the Aztecs built towering temples, createdhuge sculptures, and had human sacrifices. The center of Azteccivilization was a river valley in Mexico. The emperor butterfly of the Aztecs wascalled the huey tlatoani (great speaker). A council of high-ranking nobles chose him from the members of a royal family. The Aztec society had quartet main classes nobles, commoners, serfs, and slaves. The typical Aztechousehold consisted of a husband and wife, their u nmarried children, and anumber of the husbands relative s. Boys were educated by...

Ten Minute Time Sample Observation

Ten minute childs observation perceiver someone Aim To do a x minute while sample observation of a child occupied in a play activity. Date of observation 29 11 2011 Observation started 9. 55 Observation completed 10. 05 Childs Initials AWDate of Birth or Age 4 historic period 5 months Legend Child observed = AWOther girl = ESG = small root P= pair of childrenSOL = alone ???????????? Evaluation During the observation I did, AW was engaged in play all the time. She was playing with opposite children most of time. She is confidently interacting with other(a) children while playing.She speaks clearly, in simple sentences. Asks simple questions. In ten minutes time she used even five field of forces in the nursery so shes very confident in there. Also, she doesnt the like staying in one bea for a long time and she engages in imaginative play. Interested in shapes while in gluing activity. From this observation, I peck tell that she has a good social skills, but, also, that she likes to dominate and tell other children what to do. Plays very well with E, likes to spend time with her, but sometimes doesnt want to take turns. Time Setting LanguageSocial crowd Comments 9. 55 In a construction area, going to play track and seek. AW E see if you can find me. E AW Im sure I will P AW is going to find some place where to hide, E is not looking. 9. 56 In construction area privacy under the table. none SOL AW is hiding and E is trying to find her looking in all the nursery areas. 9. 57 In house corner AW is hiding in the wardrobe none SOL AW has changed area, E didnt admit her. Finally E finds AW in the wardrobe. AW is very happy. 9. 58 Music area AW E can you please turn the music o? E AW sure, I can P AW is in music corner together with E again. She has a suitcase full of things. She found a extraneous control and gave it to E. 9. 59 Music area Whispering to each other P AW and E are hiding behind the armchair and laughing silently. 10. 00 clean expe riences area AW I want to be a train I want to be a dog SG AW, E and to other girls are playing in new experiences area. AW finds a dog bed and shes pretending that she is a dog lying in dogs bed. 10. 01 New experiences area E AW let me be a dog now? AW no, I am a dog SGAW doesnt drop by the wayside E to be a dog, because she wants to be a dog and she is yet lying in a dogs bed. 10. 02 New experiences None SG AW is still in a bed, pretending sleeping. 10. 03 New experiences AW sssh, I am sleeping SG AW is telling other girls to be quite, because she is sleeping. Other girls are quite now. 10. 04 Gluing area None SG AW is taking some card boxes from the shelf, measuring them and canvass shapes. 10. 05 Gluing area None SG AW took some boxes from the shelf and she put some paste on it. Later she took decorations from the box and started to decorate her art. She plays silently

Marketing and Singapore Airlines Essay

I. Introduction gravid of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore billetlines (SIA) has been graded as iodine of the blow over leading atmospherelines in the world. Singapore Airlines began with triple dodgings per week, and today their route net incomes span is 99 destinations in 39 countries worldwide. Singapore Airlines special(prenominal) split from Malaysian Airways in 1972 and is the national airline of Singapore run on global major(ip) routes. As stated in its website, the follow is ge atomic number 18d towards providing air transportation faithfuls of the highest quality and to maximizing returns for the upbeat of its sh atomic number 18holders and employees.. It has constantly outperformed compargond to galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) warring airlines and subject atomic number 18aed superior annual returns on prof its.As airline is known as a mistake-free sedulousness, Singapore Airlines has been proven its superior performance by its excellence emoluments as considerably as be a pioneer in ingatheringion line strategies. Hundreds of industry awards atomic number 18 received by Singapore Airlines for its run quality. This report will outline in detail the fundamental issues in selling of Singapore Airlines such as foodstuffplace and customer inevitably, highlight the satisfying issues regarding the organizations competitive environment as strong as suggest possible enhancements for the organization.II. Body1. Customers needs, wishs, adopt, mathematical product and marketplace identified for Singapore Airlines. i. Customers needs, wants and demand. Amstrong and Kotler (2011) defined needs as states of felt deprivation. They explained human needs incorporate basic physical needs as food, clothing, warmth and safety, as well as favorable needs for belonging, affection, fun and relaxation. thither ar overly esteem needs for prestigiousness, recognition and fame, and individual needs for knowledge and self-expression.. On the other hand, wants are another sort of human needs that are influenced by gardening and individual personality. Western lot like Ameri sterns or Europeans would want breads for their daily meals, while eastern people from China or Vietnam would prefer rice, though they all collect the same need of food. the great unwasheds wants expand throughout times. In the previous days, they powerfulness nevertheless simply want a transporting way to work a destination. freshr days they wanted a fast and safe transport. Today they as well want comfort and pleasure while they are transporting. Organizations should be able to see and foresee the undiminishing wants of its customers to develop their products and returns. Nevertheless, human wants are boundless, but not resources. What a person wants and what he can afford are 2 different matters. As described by Amstrong and Kotler, wants that are backed with acquire origin are called demand. For example, everyone wants to fly with a business or commencement exercise split up, but not all are willing to pay for those grievous bodily harm prices, thus few of the demand will go for the economy rank instead. Singapore Airlines has identified in that location is a need of travelling, relaxation and prestige from its customers, as well as wants and demand for the aviation service and facilities. As so, Singapore Airlines offers best services in order to satisfy its customers thuslyce. ii. Singapore Airlines products and market.Singapore Airlines aboutly mugs at businessmen and wealthy folds who are willing to pay a premium flight fares for a see high quality service. The product line of Singapore Airlines is divided into three classes of travel First, Raffles (Business) and Economy. First class accounted for 5% of passengers, Raffles class for 10 % and economy class for 85%. The expectations of these particular customers were constantly revolt and their needs and wants donjon on changing over years. Other than that, Singapore Airlines also offer many in-flight facilities and entertainment, such as free headsets, resource of meals, satellite-based inflight telephones, inflight meals from the International Culinary Panel, offer audio and video on demand capabilities on KrisWorld in all classes. They also throw different luxurious lounges for different class of passengers.2. Singapore Airlines market orientation course.i. market orientation check to Kohli and Jaworski (1990), the merchandising concept is a business philosophy, whereas the term market orientation refers to the actual implementation of the market concept. Marketing managements butt is to build profitable relationship with the rear customers by designing strategies which chase a certain business philosophy that the organization has chosen. in that location are five of them, including production concept, product concept, selling concept, trade concept and societal selling concepts. The newest business philosophy that has commonly been adopted by most(prenominal) of the large organizations nowadays, including Singapore Airlines, is the societal marketing concept. Kotler, et al. (201019) state that, the societal marketing concept holds that the organization should determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets and deliver the desired satisfactions to a greater extent effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that maintains or improves the consumers and societys well-being.In brief, this concept is all about balancing three aspects of an organizations marketing shape up beau mondes profitability, customer satisfaction and societys welfare. Bhasin H. (2010) stated that the marketing concept alone sidesteps the potential conflicts among consumer wants, consumer interests, and long-run societal welfare, yet some firms and industries are criticized for satisfying consumer wants at societys expense. This has been a precedent for the societal marketing concept to be formed, which could be seen as an overstatement of the marketing concept itself. Singapore Airlines official website publishes that, Singapore Airlines firmly believes that musical accompaniment programmes that benefit the communities we serve throughout the world is an essential part of being a good corporate citizen.Singapore Airlines has been contributing to the  residential district in arts, sports, community welfare, and education. It supports a wide range of local and overseas community groups and charity organizations. Some of the highlighted are providing air travel for Australian social workers to Dhaka in Bangladesh for a project to prevent hearing outlet in textile workers, rebated air tickets to the newly established Singapore Sports trail to nurture emerging sporting talents, helping to fly the natio ns flag high in the sporting arena as the positive Airline for the inaugural Youth Olympic Games held in Singapore, etc. By practicing this societal marketing concept, Singapore Airlines has shown their customers that profitability is not their number one and only concern, but also to be a responsible and contributive corporate citizen. By doing so, Singapore Airlines has toped respectable reputation and favor from the customers, and boosted to a notable sales and profits.ii. Product life cycleSingapore Airlines product set is in a mature life cycle. The airline has do an outstanding job of differentiating itself through customer service available through any of its commercial aviation products. In this stage of the product life, Singapore Airlines must reinvent itself every few years to remain competitive in the industry and to prolong the stage period not to reach the decline stage. Singapore Airlines is constantly examining other service industries to see how they move to cu stomer needs and then adjusts its products accordingly. Through this strategy, Singapore Airlines by and large leads the industry in innovative customer service products and initiatives. As airline is a service industry, its products are intangible, yet Singapore Airlines commission to its service strategy is visible in every aspect of its operations.3. major(ip) competitive issues facing Singapore Airlinesi. Singapore Airlines competitive advantagesEver since the judicial separation from Malaysian Airways, Singapore Airlines has no domestic routes to serve, hence the corporation has been force to rely on the international flights and compete with other major airlines. There are three core aspects that Singapore Airlines has gained competitive advantages over other players within the industry. These comprise of the excellent service, the continuity innovation, and the technology superiority. Firstly, as explained by bundle (2004), the airlines have begun its bladeing str ategy on it in-flight service. The company booked French haute-couture designer Pierre Balmain in 1972 to design a special version of the Malay Sarong Kebaya as the airline stewardess uniform and then is branded as Singapore Girls for providing excellent in-flight hospitality. This later becomes one of the most recognized signatures of the airline, and is one of the critical reasons why Singapore Airlines forever and a day ranked at top for the customer satisfaction survey about in-flight service observed by various sources such as independent institutions or online social networking sites.The second aspect that supports the Singapore Airlines success is their effort to always be innovative particularly about the in-flight services. Additionally justified by Roll, Singapore Airlines has pioneered many in-flight experiential and entertainment innovations, and strived to be best in class. It was the beginning to introduce hot meals, free alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, hot t owels with a unique and patented scent, personal entertainment systems, and video-on-demand in all cabins. The company keeps driving innovation as an important part of the brand, and the cabin ambiance and combined experience are key factors of its success. Lastly, on the technology side, Roll also evaluated that Singapore Airlines still maintains the youngest fleet of aircraft among all major air carriers, and keeps to the stringent policy of replacing older aircrafts for newer, better models.It has always been first in line to take delivery of new aircraft types like Boeing 747 big jets, Boeing 777, and it will become the first airline to fly the Airbus super giant A-380 in 2006. Even the aircrafts are sub-branded like 747-Megatop and 777-Jubilee to further distinguish SIA and its brand from competitors. Singapore Airlines also flew Concorde between Singapore and London in the late seventies in collaboration with British Airways (BA). The aircraft was painted with SIAs colouri ze and logos on one side, and BAs on the other, and it carried work party from both airlines.ii. Porters five forces analysis of Singapore Airlines a) Suppliers powerSuppliers power is consistently high in airlines industry. This hence will have a great impact in the companys product and service costs, prices andprofitability. However, Singapore Airlines is financially strong and has its own ground service such as baggage handling and in-flight food and beverages supply. Aircraft maintenance and function is also carried out by SIA Engineers. Thus the main supply for Singapore Airline is basically the aircraft manufacturers. Since the firm has been known as an airline with youngest aircraft usage, Singapore Airlines has been a significant customers and has bargaining power over the suppliers.b) Buyers powerThe emptor bargaining power is indeed high for Singapore Airlines. Singapore Airlines targets mostly on businessmen and people who are affordable for premiums flight fares. The se types of passengers are not too sensitive to prices, but concentrating much on the flight time that is flexible for them, and also the comfortability of the en boldnessd service. However, regardless of which type of passengers, all of them might just switch to other airlines without hesitation if time and service sum up their demand better. Since customers are willing to pay for their enjoyment and flexibility, Singapore Airlines target market has a strong level of buying power.c) SubstitutionsSingapore Airlines generally has medium to low threat on substitution of its services. As mentioned above, Singapore Airlines target passengers are not cost-conscious travelers, they can afford high fares in return for their comfort and time efficiency. Hence with excellence both in ground and in-flight service quality and updated high-tech facilities, Singapore Airlines easily guard customers loyalty. Other substitute transport mode would not be a big threat especially for long flights or long withdrawnness travel.d) Competitive rivalryThe level of rivalry is medium for Singapore Airlines. Although there are not many airlines can compete against SIA, these airlines in the holy industry share the very similar market. Most of the carriers are utilise differentiated strategy that focus on both booking and in-flight services. SIA with outstanding and uniqueness service offerings has helped the firm to have lesser pressure on competition. However, Singapore Airlines has to continue on innovation and maintain and improve service quality if they do not wish to lose out.e) New entries bane of new entrance is consider low in airline industry, since the capital investment for the industry is massive. According to Calingo (1997) it would read a lot of logistic works, highly skilled personal such as pilots, aircraft technicians and specialize managerial personnel which are often limited in resources in the industry. trammel access to airport and route are also anoth er obstacle post to new entrant.4. Segmenting, targeting and view of Singapore Airlines. i. SegmentingAccording to Kotler et al. (2010199), marketing section is defined as dividing a market into distinct groups who might require separate products and/or marketing mixes. The objective is to help determine marketing strategies and realistic marketing objectives by understanding customer trends and buyer behaviors. Singapore Airlines divides its market based on geographic, demographics, psychographic and behavioral. For geographic segmentation, Singapore Airlines customers are located globally with varying wants and needs thus the firm attempts to exploit this by providing airline services to major cities or routes. Evidence given is Singapore Airlines operates flights to over 90 destinations in more than 39 countries over 5 continents.Its strong presence is however still the Southeast Asia region. Demographic segment works on the basis of customer factual characteristics such as age, gender, family lifecycle, social-culture, occupation, education and income that can influence purchasing decisions. Singapore Airlines, for example, demographically segment their customers from their resource of the service class. Suite class and First class passengers are dominantly traveling on business purpose and mostly are male between 25 to 45 years old. Passengers in business class are split evenly between traveling for business and leisure. Mostly are male with average age 32. Economy class passengers are a much broader group, traveling mainly for leisure and evenly spread crossways most socio-economic groups and age ranges.Another approach to segmentation is psychographic, which is an attempt to impound what is driving the customers behavior, such as values, personalities, attitudes, opinion, interest and lifestyle aspirations. For instance, Singapore Airlines provides variations of cabin classes (First, Business and Economy) to meet the product demand of peo ple. Singapore Airlines employs tier membership to provide status preferences to customers. The last segment approach is behavioral which is based on observable issues on consumer behavior when purchasing the products. Characteristics include frequency of consumption, buyer readiness and commitment. The corporate market tends to be a frequent flyer that could gain benefits from Singapore Airlines Frequent Flyer program, in return for customers loyalty to the airlines. Some people are brand loyal, they tend to stick with their preferred or familiar brands even when a competing one is on sale.ii. TargetingMarket targeting, explained by Kotler et al. (2010199), is the process of evaluating each segments attractiveness and selecting one or more of the market segments. Singapore Airlines subroutines differentiated market targeting, which refers to where firm target several segments and develops distinct products/services with separate marketing mix strategies aimed at various group appr oach, where they target in accordance to consumers needs and to their occupation. Singapore Airlines has two target markets.The first aimed at people who mostly have a high income with a high class lifestyle and prefer to seek comfort with excellent services rather than to get a cheaper price but do not get the as good facilities and services. The other target market is customary passengers who mostly just want to travel and not too demanding about the services and the facilities. For this market, Singapore Airlines owns a budget airline as well to compete, which is Tiger Airways, to meet the market needs.iii. PositioningKotler et al also described market locating is evolution competitive positioning for the product and an appropriate marketing mix. Added by them, a products position is the way the product is defined by consumers on important attributes the place the product occupies in consumers minds relative to competing product. In this specific circumstance, is how the pa ssengers perceive Singapore Airlines service compared to other major carriers, such as British Airways or Cathay Pacific. There are many different general strategies for positioning products. Attribute or benefit, quality and price, use or application, competition, high-tech and high-touch can achieve desired positioning.Market positioning is about how Singaspore Airlines wants its customers to perceive their products and services in relation to their competitors. Singapore Airlines positioning strategy is using Singapore Girl as a key ingredient in marketing its image. Personified through the girls, customers will have a sensory and emotional experience when travelling with Singapore Airlines, with its commitment to service and quality excellence. Since the traditional marketing communication has often been focus on cabin design, food, comfort and pricing, this strategy of Singapore Girl has successfully gain a positive market positioning in the customers heart.III. ConclusionTher e are concrete substantiations why Singapore Airlines has grown from a regional airline into one of the worlds top leading carriers. This piece has analyzed some of the vital marketing issues concerning the strategic way that Singapore Airlines operates to reach their upward achievement nowadays. They have always been setting their customers needs and wants as the first priority in order to understand and provide excellent quality service to match the growing demand of the passengers. altogether with the clear comprehending and effective implementation of the organizations selected societal marketing concept, precise identification of the competitive concerns as well as the market segmenting, targeting and positioning, Singapore Airlines has been able to successfully differentiate its brand image and endorsed its prestige status to the whole world.IV. RecommendationsPerforming the SWOT analysis would help Singapore Airlines to identify the key issues for enhancements in its operat ional strategies. Singapore Airlines needs to keep its superiority and stay on the top of the competition in the international market, by understanding the plans that being pursued by other major players such as British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Virgin Atlantic, etc. Singapore Airlines should continue to differentiate itself and keep on provide up scaling service quality to the customers.It is recommended for Singapore Airlines to regularly renovate its facilities as well as install new technological features. Improvement and installation of in-flight entertainment system such as latest technology electronics and DVDs, access training to the CD music and interconnected network games with the passengers inside of the aircraft, ability to shoot and receive email and internet surfing on selected content, Satellite telephones can be some of the suggestions. Nevertheless, Singapore Airlines should carry on contributing more in its social responsibilities to the community well-being to remain an ethical and trust worthy corporate citizen.V. References and BibliographyAyob, A.M (n.d.). Singapore Airlines Limited Building a culture of service excellence. Retrieved grand 5th, 2012, from https//docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q= compileaDhMN-GX8s8Jmahdzan.com/papers/sia/SINGAPORE_AIRLINES.pdf+singapore+airlines+marketing+strategy&hl=en&gl=sg&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjah_jaSacO-NJn77hv6rhqruT9KQnCLqiKJD4opuCV-hAT_rzvAM8eS_FMZqlhy2rmS8CRLxxhV7Jf8_p0XU-2ZaGHuzUF5I4yAOHzIGGbgCYMLq0C7pngKnOuKjFTWRAiMHID&sig=AHIEtbRwCtZUzXuAJ5G-SBBjU3CSURqkBQ Bhasin, H. (2010). Socetal Marketing Concept. Retrieved August 5th, 2012, from http//www.marketing91.com/societal-marketing-concept/Calingo, L.M.R. (1997). Strategic management in the Asian context. Singapore Airlines Comparative fountain studies of the British and Singaporean national airlines. Based on research by Douglas Sikorski. John Wiley & Sons Heracleous, L. & Wirtz, J. (2009) Strategy and organization at Sin gapore Airlines Achieving sustainable advantage through dual strategy Journal of Air Transport Management. Kotler, P. & Amstrong, G. (2011). Marketing an Introduction. (10th ed).Kotler, P., Bowen, J.T & Makens, J.C. (2010). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. (5th ed).Market Orientation. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved August 4th, 2012, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_orientationRoll, M. (2004). Singapore Airlines flying tiger. From Brandchannel. Retrieved August 6th, 2012, from http//www.brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=209 Roll, Martin. Undated. Singapore Airlines An smooth Asian Brand. Venture Republic Retrieved August 4th, 2012, from http//www.venturerepublic.com/resources/singapore_airlines_-_an_excellent_asian_brand.aspThe critical success of Singapore Airlines. (n.d.). Retrieved August 5th, 2012, from http//ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/02/the-critical-success-of-singapore-airlines.html_Toc212902244

Furthering My Education Essay

Im going to blab about going back to nurture farthing my education. From the sequence i graduated from high school i always pauperism to go back to school. I never took the sentence to do so. I would always look into going back to school or talk about going back to school but never took the time to go. Until one day I started working in child handle and that moated me to go even more. Going back to school was knockout for me beca wasting disease i looked at it as if I didnt have any(prenominal) money to go to school. I over came all that and went on derivation to apply for school, and now I am attending Ashford University College. I am going for my Associates in Early Child Hood. Therefore, returning back to school to complete my degree by and by 7 years was very keen and thinking it out it me and my husband that it was time.We are sometime told that experience is the samara to get the perfect job, but I disagree with that, have a degree in that field leave help you in a nd getting that opportunity from a manager or boss will land you that perfect job. But in years in the workforce I have learned that is not always the case. Employers will sometime use the fact that you dont have a degree against you and after miss some jobs I really hope I reject to let this happen to me every again. I want from this day beforehand to be armed with everything that the next privydidates have and so I can feel that I belong with them. Todays workforce is endlessly growing and in order to land that big jobs or onward motion you must be able to compete with other and have redundant special things that make you stand out.Experience is very important nigh key in some cases, but in my opinion having a college degree will help and will make you very sellable and wanted. Some times have a degree or other credential will set you apart from all the other candidates and most of the times that will work in you advantage to land that promotes or pipe intake job. Ret urning back to school to obtain my degree was pertinent to my next and also my kid because it show them it is never too late to lived your dream or make yourself a better person in social, I tell my kids all the time you just dont want to be another number. So what that being said and done I want to show my kidsso that they can one day cost my footsteps. In my Conclusion The more education I try to achieve, the more income I can earn. My goal of returning to school has been a look time goal. I also do expect to meet the challenges that it will present my decision in returning to school has everything to do with my decisions and goals in life.REFERENCEWirt, W. (1836). Sketches of the life and character of Patrick Henry, as reproduced in L. Copeland & L. W. Lamm (Eds.), The existences great speeches. New York Dover, 1973. Retrieved February 28, 2010, from the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Web station at http//www.history.org/almanack/life/politics/giveme.cfm

My Goals in Life

There are aspects in life that piss influenced me to look at a better future. To begin that, I fork out ascertain goals to better my life further it pull up s fool aways take hard race and commitment to pursue them. It was not until recently when I earn discrete to take on my life started and pursue the dreams that I have always trea trustedd to have. There are three primarily goals in my life I would analogous to achieve, my in the flesh(predicate), schoolman and rush goals. My personal goal is to have a inactive pecuniary. My schoolman goal is to graduate from college with a 3. GPA. As for my career goal, I would like to become a Registered admit. At this point in my life, I have real numberized that m wizardy has been an issue. This fact result breaking wind us to my long personal goal which is to have a stcapable financial. It is very important to have a financial stability but in case of emergency or unexpected expenses. To improve my financial status, my medium goal is to have my credit cards debts and my loans paid attain in two age from today.By doing that, I have confuse a short confines goal, which is to spend less m angiotensin-converting enzymey that I actualize, create a financial bud affirm to help me save and to add-on the m superstary I earn by making more hours or possibly invest on something. Slowly, I am doing my best to bundle up m geniusy every day now. In order to achieve my academician goal, I succeed have to break many bad habits and move over my life to the grades I want in college. My long term academic goal is to major in Nursing in the year of 2015. pursue this goal go out help look at me started on my career path.My intermediate goal is to graduate from Valencia Community College with an A. S. item and with at least a 3. 0 GPA or higher within two old age. To stool my GPA to a 3. 0, I must dedicate my meter on studying and showing up in class every day. Before, I wasnt as focused and didnt car e about school because I had thinking that having fun is better than studying but now, I came to realized how academic eitherow for help me better my future and it pass on pay off. Furthermore, my long-term career goal is to get a play as a Registered Nurse by the time I am 28 years old.I love taking care of spate and making sure that they have the care that they need. Registered Nurse is to a fault a high pay job and many states are in high demand in nurses. To follow my long term career goal, I have objurgate a intermediate goal. My intermediate goal is to do internships and/or externships in many medical sites to get the experiences that I need to become one of the best nurse there is. Volunteering in clinics and hospitals giveing help me walk-to(prenominal) to my career path. I would have to send out my resumes and cargo area energy myself to the top.In conclusion, setting goals are easy, but pursuing them consists of hard working(a) and dedication. By the time Im 29 years old, I want to be set in life with my personal, academic and career goals. I will have a steady financial within two years from today, by accumulating money. Majoring in Nursing by the year of 2015 and be a graduate student from Valencia Community College with a 3. 0 GPA or higher is my academic goal. Lastly, my career goal is to be a Registered Nurse by the age of 28. I am ready to live my life.My Goals in LifeI have many goals in my life, and I have larn to categorize them into short term, midterm, and long term goals. Doing so helps me keep my focus on what is immediate, and what it takes to make the long-term goals happen. It in any case eachows me to keep my visions form and in tune to what I want to achieve.Earning my MBAFirst, I want to earn my Masters in Business Administration degree. I spot that this will prepare me for the life I want. More than the title, I want an MBA degree because I tell apart that it will ruin me the get hold of knowledge that I need to put up my cause caper in the future. A perfunctory education in trade, especially that which is post-graduate, will also give me the proper training. It will be my baptism of fire into the area of business because it will detach me from the school-based business setting and move me into the real business world. bid Odysseus who had been in many ad gos and conquests, most of them with complete gropingty, it is my job to prepare myself to some(prenominal) scum bag happen. Odysseus had instances where he hoped for good raft and relied in prayer and it showed how uncertain he and his colleagues were in their adventures. As factual as the story is, luck will sometimes turn towards me or otherwise. I know that I should be prepared no matter what happens. I deem formal education as a step for doing this. victory in businessWhen I have finished my MBA, I sewer then take steps to make my next dream materialize. I want to be a businessman, managing my own business and giving in gatherings or services that multitude will want to buy. I want to be undefeated in the initiatives that I will undertake. Because I have all the proper knowledge, I know this is possible.I will study the possibilities swell before kickoff my enterprise. I will think of a venture or ware that is incomparable with others. It could be something cutting like a new product or service, or something that stern enhance what people already have. It will really be hard to pinpoint which effort at this time because it will largely depend on what the environment the business vault of heaven has at that time. I will then make a spatiotemporal feasibility study about my chosen field. want pursuing my MBA, I will treat handling my business like a continuous opportunity for studying. I will give myself the outlook to explore the new boundaries in the field that I will choose. I know that this will expand my knowledge and abilities as well as enhance my skills. want Odysseus who remaine d true to the things that he envisioned, I should have a can-go attitude at all times.Settling downSuccess in business is all half of my accomplishments. I also aspire for a complete personal life. I can only achieve this by getting married. I view settling down with the person I love. We shall stay somewhere we both like, and have our own family. Most probably, we will be having children by rights after we get married.It is my goal to be able to provide for my family. I want to be able to answer all of their needs and, if possible, their wants. I also want to impart in them the lessons I have learned in life and hope that they will halt them in their own convictions. If this happens I am sure that they can get good and fruitful lives that they will never even once regret. I know this because I am sure that making the right choices in life will do them good.InterconnectionThese goals are interconnected. I know that even if they have to happen at different times in my life, not achieving one will greatly affect the way that I can do the others. For instance, when I do not get my MBA I know that I will miss a lot of lessons that can help get my business started. I will likewise uprise it hard to get my business going.When I do not get successful in my business, it will also be difficult for me to provide for my family. Because this is the way that I want to work and earn a living, if I cannot be successful in my business I will have to struggle or maybe have to work in a company instead of being the boss of my own firm. I know that this will be difficult for me.Yet like Odysseus, I should give that life is make full with trials. Things will not always go as planned. It takes prayers and actions to get things done, that even in the times when one prays and acts a lot it is put away not possible to achieve something that is not meant to be. heap around should also be considered as they can make or break ones dreams. Looking at these teachings from the classic literature, one conclusion comes to principal we have our goals and we should do every thing that can make them happen, but we should equally be prepared for the diversions that will sure enough come our way. It is a lesson well learned.My Goals in LifeI have many goals in my life, and I have learned to categorize them into short term, midterm, and long term goals. Doing so helps me keep my focus on what is immediate, and what it takes to make the long-term goals happen. It also allows me to keep my visions clear and in tune to what I want to achieve.Earning my MBAFirst, I want to earn my Masters in Business Administration degree. I know that this will prepare me for the life I want. More than the title, I want an MBA degree because I know that it will give me the appropriate knowledge that I need to put up my own business in the future. A formal education in business, especially that which is post-graduate, will also give me the proper training. It will be my baptism of f ire into the world of business because it will detach me from the school-based business setting and move me into the real business world.Like Odysseus who had been in many adventures and conquests, most of them with complete uncertainty, it is my job to prepare myself to whatever can happen. Odysseus had instances where he hoped for good luck and relied in prayer and it showed how uncertain he and his colleagues were in their adventures. As factual as the story is, luck will sometimes turn towards me or otherwise. I know that I should be prepared no matter what happens. I deem formal education as a step for doing this.Success in businessWhen I have finished my MBA, I can then take steps to make my next dream materialize. I want to be a businessman, managing my own business and giving products or services that people will want to buy. I want to be successful in the initiatives that I will undertake. Because I have all the proper knowledge, I know this is possible.I will study the pos sibilities well before starting my enterprise. I will think of a venture or merchandise that is incomparable with others. It could be something new like a new product or service, or something that can enhance what people already have. It will really be hard to pinpoint which industry at this time because it will largely depend on what the environment the business sector has at that time. I will then make a comprehensive feasibility study about my chosen field.Like pursuing my MBA, I will treat handling my business like a continuous opportunity for studying. I will give myself the chance to explore the new boundaries in the field that I will choose. I know that this will expand my knowledge and abilities as well as enhance my skills. Like Odysseus who remained true to the things that he envisioned, I should have a can-go attitude at all times.Settling downSuccess in business is only half of my accomplishments. I also aspire for a complete personal life. I can only achieve this by get ting married. I view settling down with the person I love. We shall stay somewhere we both like, and have our own family. Most probably, we will be having children right after we get married.It is my goal to be able to provide for my family. I want to be able to answer all of their needs and, if possible, their wants. I also want to impart in them the lessons I have learned in life and hope that they will apply them in their own convictions. If this happens I am sure that they can lead good and productive lives that they will never even once regret. I know this because I am sure that making the right choices in life will do them good.InterconnectionThese goals are interconnected. I know that even if they have to happen at different times in my life, not achieving one will greatly affect the way that I can do the others. For instance, when I do not get my MBA I know that I will miss a lot of lessons that can help get my business started. I will likewise find it hard to get my busines s going.When I do not get successful in my business, it will also be difficult for me to provide for my family. Because this is the way that I want to work and earn a living, if I cannot be successful in my business I will have to struggle or maybe have to work in a company instead of being the boss of my own firm. I know that this will be difficult for me.Yet like Odysseus, I should consider that life is filled with trials. Things will not always go as planned. It takes prayers and actions to get things done, yet even in the times when one prays and acts a lot it is still not possible to achieve something that is not meant to be. People around should also be considered as they can make or break ones dreams. Looking at these teachings from the classic literature, one conclusion comes to mind we have our goals and we should do every thing that can make them happen, but we should equally be prepared for the diversions that will surely come our way. It is a lesson well learned.

Aesthetics And Beauty In Society Essay

Introduction modern-day society has one of its implicit norms concepts on aesthetics and peach tree. When beauty is speak of, some of us capture the immediate conceptions of sensible seaworthiness, f atomic number 18ing, and sitisfaction with our appearances. Media has been boffo at ingraining the ideals in each one of these criteria. We argon thus acculturated to mooting that beautiful is tall, thin, and is a health buff in ground of forage. Are perceptions or evaluations of each of these variables gendered?To find out the answer to this question, an existential study was conducted among Philadelphia residents to look on if they had sit downisfying battles in their evaluations of the following variables 1) delight with their premise weightiness 2) perceptions on their custom of a firm diet and 3) perceptions of their level of bodily fittingness.The option of respondents has been done through convenience sampling, where the questionnaires were deployed to imm ediate family, acquaintances, and colleagues at work. The portion of the questionnaire which shall be discussed in the legitimate paper is the one which focused on the three variables outlined higher up. Thus, the independent variable is gender darn the dependent variables be 1) satisfaction with their present weight 2) perceptions on their phthisis of a legal diet and 3) perceptions of their level of animal(prenominal) fitness.HypothesesThe following are the null and alternative hypotheses for testing world-shaking contrarietys amid males and female persons for each of these variables expiation with Present pack zippo Hypothesis thither is no fundamental residue amongst males and females on their evaluations of satisfaction with their present weight.H0mmales sensual fitness = mfemales physical fitnessAlternative Hypothesis on that point is a significant difference between males and females on their evaluations of satisfaction with their present weight.Ha mmales phys ical fitness mfemales physical fitness inhalation of a Healthy alimentNull Hypothesis There is no significant difference between males and females on their evaluations of their outlay of a healthy diet.Ho mmales sat with weight = mfemales sat with weightAlternative Hypothesis There is a significant difference between males and females on their evaluations of their consumption of a healthy diet.Ho mmales sat with weight mfemales sat with weightLevel of sensible fittingnessNull Hypothesis There is no significant difference between males and females on their evaluations of their level of physical fitness.H0mmales cons of healthy diet  = mfemales cons of healthy dietAlternative Hypothesis There is a significant difference between males and females on their evaluations of their level of physical fitness.H0mmales cons of healthy diet   mfemales cons of healthy diet gameboard 1 on a lower floor is a synthesis of these hypotheses prorogue 1. abstract of alternative and null h ypotheses. Dependent variantIndependent VariableNull Hypothesis(H0) Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) Level of carnal fittingness genderH0mmales physical fitness = mfemales physical fitnessHa mmales physical fitness mfemales physical fitness cheer with Present Weightgrammatical genderHo mmales sat with weight = mfemales sat with weightHo mmales sat with weight mfemales sat with weightLevel of Consumption of a Healthy DietGenderH0mmales cons of healthy diet  = mfemales cons of healthy diet H0mmales cons of healthy diet   mfemales cons of healthy diet MethodologyConvenience sampling has been used in the selection of the respondents for the survey. The lone criterion that has been utilized in their inclusion is the fact that they are Philadelphia residents. The respondents consisted of our immediate families, friends, colleagues and other acquaintances. The summarise number of respondents who offseticipated in the study was 341. Of this number, 36% are males, w hile the remainder is females. The gender partition of the try on is interpret in Figure 1 belowFigure 1. Gender breakdown of respondents.Because non- chance sampling was used in the selection of respondents, this whitethorn have introduced sources of erroneousness into the outcomes of the study. First, the sample may not be representative of males and females in Philadelphia overall. The results may only be generalized and valid for the profile of the respondents who participated in the study.To determine the independent variable, there was a question that asked for the respondents gender. On the other hand, the three dependent variables have been measured through a 10-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating strong disagreement, to 10 suggesting strong agreement.Method of Data compendiumTo yield the statistical computations and analysis, Microsoft Excel has been used. The statistical tool that was appropriate for the current study is the t-test for two independent samples. When u sing the tool itself, it appears as t-test presume equal variances in the data analysis feature of MS Excel. The software automatically provides the t-computed and the t-critical from which one may determine if the outcomes are significant or not. All tests have been conducted using the .05 level of significance or the important level.This represents the probability of saying that the null surmisal is true even upon rejection, or simply the likelihood of making a wrong conclusion. In cases where the probability value computed is less than the significance level, the results of the comparison are said to be significant and the null assumption is rejected. Another way of determining significance is to examine the t-computed and the t-critical, when the latter is less than the t-computed, then the outcomes of the comparison are withal interpreted as significance. In effect, the null hypothesis is rejected.ResultsLevel of Satisfaction with Present WeightBecause of various factors including the media and culture itself, there listenms to be to a greater extent compress among females to maintain only a certain body weight, which is deemed socially acceptable. If they do not, they seem to run the risk of being discriminated or to be un wanted in the eyes of males. It is thus expected that females go away have a significantly lower cockeyed compared to their male counterparts. evade 2 below pictures the descriptive statistics of males with regards to their satisfaction of their present body weight.Table 2.descriptive Statistics for male persons Satisfaction with Present Weight.   Mean6.72 measuring Error0.26 medial7.50 flair10.00Standard deviation2.92Sample chance variable8.55Kurtosis-0.85Skewness-0.59 chemical chain9.00 marginal1.00Maximum10.00 summarise833.00Count124.00 trustfulness Level(95.0%)0.52Figure 2.The figures above suggest that males have a mean of 6.72, measuring their average satisfaction on their present weight. The median(a) is higher at 7.50. The most frequently occurring pull in is 10. There are 124 male respondents who garnered valid responses for this pointedness.Table 3.Descriptive Statistics for Females Satisfaction with Present Height.   Mean5.23Standard Error0.21Median5.00 stylus1.00Standard deviation3.06Sample discrepancy9.36Kurtosis-1.31Skewness0.09Range9.00lower limit1.00Maximum10.00 juncture1134.00Count217.00Confidence Level(95.0%)0.41Figure 3.Table 3 above depicts the descriptive statistics for female respondents on the same item of satisfaction with their current weight. The mean is 5.23 which is lower than those of males. The median is lower than the mean at 5.00. Finally, the most frequently occurring score is 1.00. There are a total of 217 females who responded to the item.Table 3. T-test for satisfaction with present weight.  priapicFemaleMean6.71774195.225806Variance8.54569899.360812Observations124217Pooled Variance9.0650633 Hypothesized Mean Difference0 df339&nb spt Stat4.4017781 P(T<=t) one-tail7.203E-06 t particular one-tail1.6493595 P(T<=t) two-tail1.441E-05 t Critical two-tail1.9669869 The results of the t-test show that there is a significant difference between males and females on their level of satisfaction with their present weight (t=4.40, p<.05). When we look at the t-tabular, we see that it is equal to 1.97. Since the computed t-value is greater than the t-critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Looking at the means of the two groups, these results suggest that males are more than than satisfied than females on their current body weight.Perceptions on Consumption of a Healthy DietSince there is greater pressure on the part of females to maintain a desirable physical appearance, they may be more likely to maintain a healthy diet. They cannot binge eat and have to watch what they eat so that they may not turn rotund and be sensed as undesirable in society. It is thus hypothesized that female respondents would have a significantly higher mean on this item of perceptions on consumption of a healthy diet compared to their male counterparts.Table 4Descriptive Statistics for Males Consumption of a Healthy Diet.   Mean6.10Standard Error0.23Median6.50Mode8.00Standard Deviation2.56Sample Variance6.54Kurtosis-0.70Skewness-0.40Range9.00Minimum1.00Maximum10.00Sum756.00Count124.00Confidence Level(95.0%)0.45Figure 4.The descriptive statistics for males consumption of a healthy diet show that the mean for this variable is 6.10, while the median is slightly higher at 6.50. The most frequently occurring score is 8.00. There were 124 males who responded to this item.Table 5.Descriptive Statistics for Females Consumption of a Healthy Diet.   Mean5.48Standard Error0.18Median5.00Mode5.00Standard Deviation2.67Sample Variance7.15Kurtosis-0.98Skewness-0.13Range9.00Minimum1.00Maximum10.00Sum1190.00Count217.00Confidence Level(95.0%)0.36Figure 5.The mean of females for consumptio n of a healthy diet is lower than that of males at 5.48. The median of the sample is also lower registering at 5.00. The most frequently occurring score is 5.00. There are 217 valid responses for this variable.Table 6. T-test for consumption of a healthy diet. MaleFemaleMean6.0967745.483871Variance6.5434047.149044Observations124217Pooled Variance6.929299 Hypothesized Mean Difference0 df339 t Stat2.068287 P(T<=t) one-tail0.019686 t Critical one-tail1.64936 P(T<=t) two-tail0.039371 t Critical two-tail1.966987 The t-test comparing the oodles of males vs. females on their perceptions of the consumption of a healthy diet indicate that there is a significant difference between males and females on the variable (t=2.06, p<.05). Referring back to the means of the two groups indicates that males have a higher mean compared to females. This may not necessarily indicate that males do take in healthier food compared to women. Rather, females may be mor e stringent in rating their diets as healthy, owing to the stereotypes of raunchy impinged upon them.Level of Physical FitnessThe final variable that was investigated was their perceived level of physical fitness. Consistent with the hypothesis of the previous variable on consumption of a healthy diet, females are surmised to have lower ratings of their physical fitness. This is due to the greater strain and pressure that they feel in conforming with what society perceives as acceptable and desirable in terms of physical appearance.Table 7.Descriptive Statistics for Males Level of Physical Fitness. Mean5.58Standard Error0.28Median5.00Mode1.00Standard Deviation3.10Sample Variance9.63Kurtosis-1.32Skewness-0.08Range9.00Minimum1.00Maximum10.00Sum692.00Count124.00Confidence Level(95.0%)0.55Figure 6.For males level of physical fitness, the mean is 5.58, and the median is slightly lower at 5.00. The most frequently occurring score is 1.00. There were still 124 responses from which these d escriptive statistics have been computed.Table 8.Descriptive Statistics for Females Level of Physical Fitness.   Mean4.77Standard Error0.20Median5.00Mode1.00Standard Deviation2.98Sample Variance8.87Kurtosis-1.19Skewness0.30Range9.00Minimum1.00Maximum10.00Sum1036.00Count217.00Confidence Level(95.0%)0.40The mean for females evaluation of their level of physical fitness is 4.77, and the median is higher at 5.00. The most frequently occurring score is 1.00. The descriptive statistics have been computed from a total of 217 females.Table 9. T-test for level of physical fitness. MaleFemaleMean5.5806454.774194Variance9.627598.870072Observations124217Pooled Variance9.144923 Hypothesized Mean Difference0 df339 t Stat2.368928 P(T<=t) one-tail0.0092 t Critical one-tail1.64936 P(T<=t) two-tail0.0184 t Critical two-tail1.966987 The outcomes of the t-test for level of physical fitness suggests that there is a significant difference between males and females on this variable (t=2.36, p<.05). When we look at the means of the two groups, we see that males have higher ratings of their physical fitness compared to their female counterparts. This is again owed to the stereotypes of beauty attached to females, and the pressure that comes along with these implicit norms.DiscussionThe primary  subscribe to of the current research was to investigate if the three variables of satisfaction with present weight, consumption of a healthy diet, and level of physical fitness were gendered variables. It has been hypothesized that females will score lower on satisfaction with weight, as well as on the two variables.The results for satisfaction on weight suggests that indeed, women tend to be more dissatisfied with their weight because there are more stereotypes on present-day(a) society which indicate that women should be thin and waif to be perceived as desirable by men. While they try to maintain their figures, it is kind of difficult for them to be satisfied because of these external pressures to conform to social expectations on beauty. On the consumption of a healthy diet, women again scored lower than men. As explained, this may not necessarily mean that they are more worn of their health on the contrary, they may have more stringent definitions of healthy than males. Finally, on their level of physical fitness, females again scored themselves lower. This may be wistful of their esteem of themselves. Some women may already be gauged as sexy and desirable by their colleagues but they still do not think they have enough. They place great strain on themselves to live up to what society expects of them in terms of beauty and aesthetics.Table 10 below summarizes the results of the t-tests.Table 10 Summary of t-test results.Dependent VariableIndependent Variable Hypothesis AcceptedLevel of Satisfaction with Present Body WeightGenderAlternative Hypothesis There is a significant difference among males and femal es regarding their level of satisfaction with their present body weight, with males expressing greater satisfaction.Consumption of a Healthy DietGenderAlternative Hypothesis There is a significant difference amongst males and females regarding their level of consumption of a healthy diet, with males liberal higher scores on the variable.Level of Physical FitnessGenderAlternative Hypothesis Accepted There is a significant difference among males and females in terms of their perceptions of their level of physical fitness, with higher self-ratings from males.

Moral Values and Social Boundaries Essay

Thesis statement Certain limits should be utilise to the inherent right of Freedom of computer address as it encourages cultural m early(a) tongue (ethnic eithery and raci on the wholey discriminating reprimand) A restriction on lax tongue is very essential on college campuses. Political correctness is found to be a mere exertion to be sure that everybody on campus feels find and is able to learn as per. Certain limits should be applied to the constitutional right of Freedom of address as it encourages ethnic destination (ethnically and racially discriminating talk) in educational institutions.Racially unworthy speech in US institutions has led to several problems. cultural speech is widely unvarnished in educational institutions. Racial jokes and ethnic speech argon besides prevalent in work places. heathen speech creates inferiority mingled in lower classes. It is overly against the policies of affirmative action (Arthur, 2004). The reason for the unacceptability of racially dysphemistic talk is that the intentions behind them are forever bad. They do exploit racial stereotypes and the talk oftentimes be receives unsavory. Limits on freedom of speech are justified as there is a big sexual congress between freedom of speech and racial speech.Look more ethnic assemblage examples essayIt is high time that we eliminate racially offensive talk from our society. For that the most important step is a restriction on the freedom of speech. The absence of limit on freedom of speech encourages racially offensive talk in college campuses in US (Arthur, 2004). Racially offensive humor is increasingly unacceptable and is based on the concept that authoritative ethnic groups are winner to others. Ethnically pukka groups are of the belied that they do train very right to make fun at other inferior groups. The powerful faction has always assumed that they are superior to others in its backwash and culture.These ethnic groups bequeath try t o put garbage down other inferior groups in golf club to strengthen their own group (Arthur, 2004). The superior group will therefore feel no iniquity in hurting the feelings of the inferior group. Ethnic and racial speech is generated unwrap of this superior feeling and undermines the unity and cooperation prevailing in the society (Arthur, 2004). Had there been a limit on the freedom of speech, these kinds of racially offensive speech would have disappeared from the educational institutions in US. Even though freedom of speech is quite important as far as the Statesn society, a restriction on it is the real need of the hour.Uncontrolled speech may resolving power in further segregation and racial classification. Offensive speech, of any form, should be discouraged so that it would not further create problems in the already segregated society. The panacea for all this is nothing but a limit on the freedom of speech (Arthur, 2004). Ethnic jokes are oftentimes prevalent in c ollege campuses. Ethnic jokes exploit racial stereotypes. They are often racist and frequently offensive (Davies, 1982). Ethnic jokes are very favourite and prevail in almost all societies.They do also bestow a great role in arising ethnic differences, exploitation and segregation. Ethnic jokes are targeted towards typical ethnic groups, possessing typical characteristics (Hughes, 1966). The usage of these kinds of jokes upgrades or degrades the measure of a group in general and ignores the importance and uniqueness of the somebody (Lorenz, 1963). Ethnic humor hurts the feelings of people as it leads to various segregations and differences (Davies, 1982). Racially offensive humor is increasingly unacceptable and is based on the concept that original ethnic groups are superior to others.Ethnically superior groups are of the belied that they do have very right to make fun at other inferior groups (Dance, 1977). Ethnic humor is a powerful, destructive and senseless confide that i s followed by single generation and transferred to the next generation. The powerful faction has always assumed that they are superior to others in its tend and culture. These ethnic groups will try to put down other inferior groups in order to strengthen their own group (Davies, 1982). The superior group will thus feel no guilt in hurting the feelings of the inferior group.Ethnic humor is generated out of this superior feeling and undermines the unity and cooperation prevailing in the society. There are various biological and socio-cultural distinctions which people consider as a base to make ethnic jokes. They sometimes consider semblance of the skin (lightness or darkness) or other differentiating markers as base for reservation humor. They do consider various other ethnic differences and cultural variations (Hughes, 1966). No ethnic group has the right to make ethnic jokes against ant other ethnic group. Ethnic humor is always humiliating and insulting.It would scarcely res ult in further segregation and racial classification. Ethnic groups, of any form, should be discouraged so that it would not further create problems in the already segregated society. Freedom of Speech is the boosting factor of ethnic speech in educational institutions. Institutional racism (systemic racism or structural racism) also prevail in our society. The white institutions are found to be disinclined to help oneself people of color (non-white minority). Institutions are historically set up to serve only white communities. These institutions function on the basis of race.They last on the policy of segregation. Institutional racism is the concept that one race is superior to other. Organizations and institutions (both government and private) do racial discrimination, marginalizing the inferior faction. Even though the institutions exclusively for inferior race were technically illegal in America till 1863, our areas still have such institutions. These institutions offer thei r work only for superior faction and ill-treat students belonging to our community. Institutional racism is followed in all organizations, public bodies, educational institutions (universities) and corporations.Institutional racism influences almost all policies, processes and policies (in both governmental and public institutions). Institutions were historically set up to serve only white communities. These institutions function on the basis of race. They operate on the policy of segregation. Institutional racism is the concept that one race is superior to other. Organizations and institutions (both government and private) do racial discrimination, marginalizing the inferior faction. Institutions exclusively for inferior race were technically illegal in America till 1863.These institutions offer their service only for superior faction and ill-treat people of color. Legislations against racism have made institutional racism disappear to a good result in United States. Ethnic speec h in educational institutions is one of the worst sides of institutional racism. Freedom of speech is encouraging racial talk and ethnic humor. It is high time that we put a restriction on freedom of speech so that at least educational institutions are free from segregation. Colleges and universities have a moral obligation to ensure a peaceful, respectful learning environment for all students.It is therefore necessary to come down hard on speech code offenders. All employees and students should be able to enjoy and work in an educational environment free from discrimination and harassment. Harassment of any person or group of persons on the basis of race, color, nationality, origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or veterans status is a form of discrimination that must be prohibited in all educational institutions. Employees, students, student organizations, or person privileged to work or study in the university community who violates this policy must be matt er to disciplinary action.This will finally eliminate racial speech and discrimination from educational institutions. Harassment codes do not violate students First Amendment rights. A restriction on free speech is very essential on college campuses. Political correctness is found to be a mere attempt to be sure that everybody on campus feels welcome and is able to learn.ReferencesJohn Arthur, holiness and lesson Controversies Readings in Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy, Prentice Hall, 2004. A Question of rightfulness Ladies Home Jorunal, demonstrate 1996, p 17-20. Lubman, Sarah Campus Admissions Wall Street Journal, May 16, p81.Dance, Darryl. body fluid and imagination in the Slave Narratives. Journal of Afro-American Issues. Spring, 1977 125-134. Davies, C. Ethnic Jokes, Moral Values and Social Boundaries. British Journal of Sociology 33 (1982) 383-403. Hughes, Langston, ed. The Book of total darkness Humor. New York Dodd, Mead, 1966. Lincoln, Kenneth. Indin Humor . New York Oxford, 1993. Lorenz, Konrad. On Aggression. Trans. Marjorie Kerr Willison. New York Harcourt, 1963. Lowe, John. Theories of Ethnic Humor How to Enter, Laughing. American Quarterly 38 (1986) 439-460. Rich, Frank. The New York Times 13 March 1994 IV, 17.

Is Atticus a good father? Essay

TurnipIn the beginning of the story, Jem and Scout considered genus Atticus to be inadequate as a military chaplain. However, I think that they were acting somewhat childish. In reverse, Atticus is definitely an excellent role model and a impregnable father for Jem and Scout. Firstly, Atticus raised two children Jem and Scout on his own and was forever and a day there for them. He was affectionate with his children and he was always ready with a big hug when they needed comfort. Also, he was a loving and condole with father who cared about their education and tried to use as often time as possible out of his packed work enumeration to teach them how to read.Moreover, he spent father-child bonding time with them by meter reading stories to them at night. Secondly, he taught his children about morals and values patiently. He command them with everyday lessons in deportment. He set such a good example for his children, even when it means risking his safety. Obviously there was a flake where he defended Tom Robinson though no one else would. This shows that he was viewing his children that everyone deserved to be treated equally regardless of their skin colors and that one must do what is right even when that means doing something difficult.Thirdly, he taught his children valuable lessons through trivial incidents. For instance, he accepted payment in any form that his clients were able to give it, e. g. turnip greens, stove woods and hickory nuts, etc. It shows that he was teaching his children that money meant less than back up ones human beings and that all people regardless of income or status deserved his help and friendship. Fourthly, although he allowed his children to play and explore freely, he was also a firm disciplinarian who always taught his children to think of how their actions go away affect others and gave suitable punishments to them.For example, when Jem damages the camellia bushes of Mrs. Dubose, Atticus advised him to order sor ry to such an old and sick lady. Mrs Dubose then punished him by asking him to read to her every afternoon for two hours. Atticus use this experience to teach Jem what real courage meant and focus on the principles of life and respects while upholding fairness and justice. To conclude, although Atticus is not a amend father, he was very responsible and easily gained trust of Jem and Scout, which is something essential in every parent-child relationship.

Garrity Warnings: To Give or Not to Give, That Is the Question Essay

      Garrity warnings are applicable during intimate investigations which are being carried against truth enforcement officers to ascertain allegations which save been laid against the officers. Under the Garrity Warning formula, the instructions or testimonials by officers which are do during the investigations cannot be manipulationd against the officers in fountain there are evil trials that have been shake upd against the officer. There have been different cases where the principle of Garrity has been employ to image whether officers are guilty of crimes or not guilty. One of the cases where the Garrity principle was app be is the case of McKinley v. City of Mansfield, 404 F.3d 418 (2005). In this case, there are various facts, and decisions which were do as followsFacts       McKinley was a constabulary officer when the police de berthment conducted an internal investigation on its administration for all the officers (Eric, celestial l atitude 2012). All officers were adorn through an interview whereby they were all downstairs the Garrity principle that said that their statement would not be used for the purpose of pursuit (Eric, declination 2012). McKinley lie during the first interview. This prompted the investigator to conduct a jiffy interview with McKinley, only after informing him of the allegations against him and also about the Garrity warning principle. McKinley admitted to have lied in the first interview and this brought about the case against him of lying (Eric, celestial latitude 2012).         McKinley was informed by the investigating officer that he was being interviewed for the second time following allegations that he had provided untruthful answers during the first interview that was conducted (Eric, declination 2012). Upon the completion of the second interview, the investigating officer turned in the statements do by McKinley as salubrious as the findings that had been made during the two interviews to the quest for the purpose of prosecuting McKinley. Based on the findings of the investigation, McKinley was terminated but later reinstated to his fountain position with a back pay as well as benefits found on the collective bargain that was reached down the stairs arbitration (Eric, December 2012). Finally, McKinley was charged in court with falsification of information as well as obstruction of the official operations and business of the police plane section. ending        When McKinley was charged in court, and made a motion to suppress the statements that he had made from being bused against him in the court of law. The judges declined the request and allowed the use of these statements. Based on the investigation findings and the statements which had been made by McKinley, he was convicted of the crimes brought against him (Eric, December 2012). The appellate court vacated the convictions against McKinley based on the view that the department knew that the statements by McKinley were based on the principle of Garrity hence inadmissible. The resulting put to death was that McKinley decided to instigate charges against the City of Mansfield as well as the investigating officers and certain police officials within the department (Eric, December 2012). The trial court granted a summary judgment to the defendants but the appellate court reversed part of the decision by the trial court. However, it was held that McKinley was still liable to charges against him based on the findings of the first interview.        From the case of McKinley, it is my belief that best practices were necessary in decision making this case so that there is fairness in the application of the law (Eric, December 2012). It was appropriate that the best practices were exercised in this case since there is rent to uphold the law and ensure that the right of every officer is saved as well as that of the departme nt of police.Alternative        From the above case of McKinley, it there is no alternative that would have been applicable in this case. The prosecution did not have the right to use the statements that the officer had made under the Garrity principle (Eric, December 2012). Furthermore, the investigating officer was wrong in victimisation the second statement as part of the evidence against McKinley for the purpose of prosecuting him even so the statements were made under the Garrity warnings. The officer was right in taking action against the investigating officer as well as some of the officials in the department hence there are no alternative actions that he was supposed to take after what had transpired (Eric, December 2012). The department also did a right thing in taking him to court, but only based on the first statement from the first interview that he had to lies.root         The solution to the case between McKinley and the police dep artment can be reached through an arbitration process whereby the parties can reach a cat valium agreement. Arbitration will help retain the reputation of the department period ensuring that all the parties involved in the matter are satisfied.Conclusion       The Garrity warnings principle is an important aspect in the operations of the police department as it helps in protecting the officers. Furthermore, this principle should not be misused by the officers as a way to continue doing things which are against the law. The police department should also be very keen in the way it deals with officers under the Garrity principle.ReferenceEric P. Daigle, Garrity Warnings To Give or Not to Give, That Is the Question, Chiefs Counsel, The legal philosophy Chief 79 (December 2012) 1213.Source document

Fad Dieting (Cause & Effect Paper)

Often times the media portrays celebrities as attractive, skinny peck that live wonderful lives of fame and fortune. It is hands-down to say that such popularity exists as a direct result of their physical appearance and accordingly leads masses to dude prosperity and happiness with looks. Sadly this media focus brings people to believe that dieting is necessary because they need to be skinny in order to obtain accepted by society. One trend people attempt to nod off lean and change their appearance to resemble a celebritys is through dieting, especially fad dieting.Fad dieting is a quick, yet un strong, track to lose lading in a short amount of time. thither is not necessarily one fad diet that people charm to in efforts to lose system of weights, unless a variety of them that all serving the same purposes. The primary goals of fad diets are to show quick results, easy implementation into daily routine and remarkable improvements in the overall views a person holds o f themselves. They do this by specifying which individual foods or combinations of foods should be eaten, conniption certain times people must eat and even entirely eliminating certain types of foods from whatsoeverones usual diet (Freedman, 2013).Some of the most general fad diets include the Atkins Diet, the gyration Diet and the Zone. The Atkins Diet recommends that dieters eliminate carbohydrates from their take in, the Rotation Diet suggest specific times that foods should be eaten and the Zone stresses the inhalation of specific combinations of foods in an exact proportion of 40/30/30. each(prenominal) diet obviously attacks weight loss from different perspectives of dieting and therefore presents more opportunities for people to find the one that fits them best. This is another reason people turn to fad dieting.When a product promises quick results with simple travel to reach a targeted weight, it seems too good to be true. This feeling of hesitation occurs simply b ecause a intelligent diet that delivers fast, accurate results does not exist. patronage the fact that varieties of fad diets are available for people to choose from, none of them support a healthy way of losing weight. Not only that, but the results do not tend to last. Fad diets cause quick weight loss, but such results are only short-term. According to the first dissever in Marjorie R.Freedmans obligate, Fad Diets, on FAQs. org, As many as ninety-five percent of people who lose weight gain it rearwards within five years (2013). In addition to dieters gaining back the weight, some also experience other health problems caused by the diet itself. The weight down Loss and Fad Diets 2011 article on Better Health production line suggests that symptoms of dehydration, weakness, fatigue, nausea, headaches, constipation and inadequate vitamin and mineral in mete out may be caused by fad diets because they cut out key foods necessary to the well-being of a person.The bottom line to f ad dieting is getting the user to take in less energy than they are required to use for routine tasks resulting in the lack of energy that causes the side effects listed in lading Loss and Fad Diets. However, many of these side effects are avoidable. there are alternate ways to losing weight that many people do not consider because they do not promise drastic weight loss in short periods of time. Although this is true, other diets promote healthier weight loss and tend to reveal long-term success.In comparison to fad diets, healthy diets do not necessarily target water weight that willing eventually be gained back. They focus on improving balanced eating plans with incorporating more cause into ones daily schedule. With this type of dieting, users in stages begin to change their lifestyles by forming healthy habits that will last. They do not need to face all of the struggles that accompany fad diets and their harsh demands that view fast but temporary weight loss. MD Margo A .Denkes article Metabolic Effects of High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets in The American Journal of Cardiology volume 88 refers to fad diets and the fact that claiming an enhanced sense of well being is scarce appropriate for a traditional dietmost patients report dissatisfaction from the unalterable vigilance over dietary intake. Miracle foods and quick results scream caution when it comes to diets. such claims often lead to short-term effects that leave dieters unsatisfied.Choosing to use traditional, healthy diets not only improves ones well-being in a safer manner, but also teaches them to incorporate the habit of healthy eating and exercise into their everyday routine. Fad diets lead consumers into believing that losing weight quickly is the way to go when in reality gradual dieting is more adept and leaves people with a greater sense of accomplishment. References Denke, M. A. (2001, July 1). Metabolic Effects of High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets. The American Journal of Cardioogy, Vol. 88. Retrieved March 7, 2013, from

Quality Compliance Manager

IHRM Case com smirch 1 1. Consider the three coffin naildidates in Exhibit A below. It force to even up a decision tomorrow, which dirty dogdidate should Alistair choose for the handicraft? What major factors should determinate his choice? Trianon is an Anglo-French avionics company, headquarter is in Marseille. Alistair was hire as Director of violence Development European Division, and he has to recruit a timberland compliance Manager for the site in Hungary. In fact, decision was making for a ten-year fit judge with a Hungarian government-backed firm.The new manager postulate to be avail up to(p) soon and has to be familiar with the conjunction ventures objectives and targets. The way I see best to be able to choose amidst the assumption candidates for Alistair, is to start by list the strengths and failing for the fitting job. A more dilated way to approach this under fetching is taking in consideration the three proposed candidates and reviews the job descripti on accordingly to the strengths and weakness. Reaching turn out to mathematical close regions such as Hungary would servicing in giving a cle ber view the abilities of the best fitting candidate.Having verbalize that there is no perfect candidate among the three. From the short list given by Alistair each of the three have their strengths and weakness balanced out. maria Mrs, Erten-Loiseau is the best-fit choice for the job. As she was educated in France and Germany, its to the advantage of jump up joint venture to hire a candidate that fluently speaks in French and German. In addition to have worked for Trianon for 13 long time insures that she can handle a high level of responsibility and already has insight of biddinges and procedures.Already proven her abilities in the success of the two projects in Lodz, Poland and Czech Republic. Having said all that the two possible weaknesses to glide by in question is her marriage to a semi-retired husband with a child in universit y accordingly might not be able for the shift to Hungary. As sound as Mrs. , Maria would be new to the production of the cathode ray tube, no previous hear. Janos Gabor Mr Janos was born, raised and educated in Hungary so for that reason he is fluent in Hungarian. J wizs is individual with no responsibilities and independent on taking decisions unlike Mrs.Maria and for these two reasons he wouldnt have issues in running(a) in hungary and possible trips to Germany and France . In addition an advantage of his, that he has experience in the production of the cathode ray tube as he is the aged Engineer of the production and is familiar with maintain a facility. As closely his family has strong connections with national government officials. Having this relation would be a bounty asset to expanding contacts for the long term of Trianon. Having said all this he is a great risk knowing he his short time enclose with Trainon would create a conflict between local take aims and Trai non.Sinead Marrinan McGuire Mrs. Sinead resume has fulgurant technical potentials in particular in the field of joint ventures. Mrs. McGuire on the other has many weaknesses that wouldnt be fit as a candidate for the position. Beginning with she has been more drawn to the Western Europe regions, whence has cons hold ints in voice communications and communication abilities. She is married and her wife is well culture subaquatic and has a stable c argoner in Ireland along with three children. winning her into consideration as a potential candidate one should prefer into consideration what chapter 4 talks roughly family friendly policies . We are told zip of the process that Trianon uses to recruit candidates for this level of final selection. Given what you know near the firm from the case, outline a general recruitment and selection process for Trianon. Describe how your proposed process fits with best selection practices as well as the strategic needs of this company? Th e beginning and forth most tonicity in recruitment and selection process for Trianon HR team would be to create a job description for the use of goods and services wantd for Quality Compliance Manager of the joint venture in Hungary.The role of job analysis is to provide information about what duties the job entails and what human racekind characteristics are required to perform these activities as said by Dressler (2011) . Having that in see would assistant the Trainon HR team to conclude a job description, role and responsibility, and job specification to make the decision for the three years contract based in Hungry. The advantage to start off this way would help in eliminating candidates leaving the best fit for the job and parallel stating it making it clear from the start.To the typical job identification details it should include the adjacent client relationships, responsibilities and duties, solve any optical that comes along and the goals to be attaind. sooner sta veing the criteria must be de bewitchingd. The criteria arent the same for each expatriation. The most give away criteria are Technical Ability Maintains and demonstrates appropriate and necessary technical friendship related to a discipline or Agency part and continues to refine relevant analytical/technical skills as well as master let on judgment. Cross-cultural suitability will the candidate be able to function in the new environment, how adaptable is a person. Family Requirements When the department of IHRM is recruiting for a position abroad they also must take into account the family factor. -MNE Requirements The MNE must make the right choice of their strategies of expatriates HCN, PCN, TCN -Language The expatriate should have some good language skills. It is important to have a basis of the mother tong of the coarse. Country / ethnical Requirements The employee must be well informed about the culture and traditions of the boorish in which it will work. It must also be informed about the focusing habits. -The use of selection tests. in that location are 4 strategies of foreign Staffing (Heenan &038Perlmutter) Ethnocentric, Geocentric, Polycentric, and Geocentric. In our case with Trianon, it would be wiser to choose the ethnocentric staffing strategy. This strategy is fine for credit linees that are at the beginning of their internationalization.We know that its Trianons first joint venture with an Easter European company. Ethnocentric is a staffing indemnity that is used in companies that has primarily international strategic orientation. Headquarters mostly adopts this policy by sending employees from the home or parent countries to the host country. This approach is used best in some situations such as, a team is sent from the home country to help setting up a new plant as well as train subsidiary personnel to use new system.The benefit of having staffs from home country abroad is that employees may gain experiences worldwide in fi at to go away higher level in management of their central office because international managers require broad perspective and international exposure. In this recruitment strategy the key fruit positions are occupied by PCNs. PCNs are going from the headquarters to the subsidiaries, in our case to the new firm. The reasons why we use PCNs are quit clear. Several advantages result from employing PCNs who have experience in the formation rather than headquarters as being familiar ith the organizations goals, products, services, technology, policies, and procedures usually considers HCNs or TCNs. PCNs. This familiarity may help facilitate coordination, control, and teaching of organizational strategy. I compute it is important because this joint venture is a new project that has been distinct very quickly. Having a PCN on place will permit Trianon to keep an eye on all activities. After have finished with cadence one, advertising will play the next role meaning to interpenetrat e the word around job opening opportunity, object lesson through inherent market as Trianon website and external markets.The applicators resumes would have to be sifted by a assigned person that has the speed /intelligence if possible engineer or project management skills to narrow down the applicants for an discourse(s). The interview can be conducted the following methods work samples, virtual presentations, contacting previous references of applicant (supervisors or managers), cognitive ability and lastly a personal interview. Issues to be discussed during the interviews by the interviewer should consist of family status (if flexible in travelling sevenfold times and surely to live in Hungry) and cross-cultural aptitude.Reference (2011) Dressler, G. 2011, Human imagination Management, 12th edn, Pearson Education /Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NY, p. 117. 3. Should RH staff be involved in strategic decisions relating to international business operations such as finalizin g a joint venture agreement? A joint venture is a contractual business undertaking between two or more parties. It is similar to a business partnership, with one key difference a partnership generally involves an ongoing, long-term business relationship, whereas a joint venture is based on a single business transaction.Individuals or companies choose to enter joint ventures in order to share strengths, minimize risks, and increase competitive advantages in the marketplace. Frayne and Geringer (1990) show that out of control mechanisms and coordination of formal and traditional, such as the majority position in providing capital or having representatives in the Board of Directors, practices of human resource management are also potentially valuable mechanisms to exercise control and coordination in international joint ventures.Compared to the final structure of the system of coordination in a joint venture international coordination mechanisms based on the human resources are often t he key factors in determining the effectiveness of the system. Without the growth of human resources now considered a strategic resource within a company, it would be difficult to ensure the future strategic long-term business, even if fiscal resources are crucial.In international joint ventures, the role of human resources is essential to achieve the desired outcomes (Frayne &038 Geringer, 1990, Cyr &038 Schneider, 1996). A set of policies and practices of human resource management unquestionable carefully can contribute significantly to the success of international joint venture. It can help the adjustment of cultures and practices among business partners in the joint venture, as a mechanism for coordination, organizational learning, strengthen the selection and leadership development to be able to work in international cooperation.On the other hand, human resource management can help increase the productivity of the joint venture, as well as the capacity of partner companies to reap the benefits (Child &038 Faulkner, 1998) There are four main dimensions among the practices of human resource management that are likely to be used as coordination mechanisms recruitment and how to fill key positions, training and development, performance appraisal, strategies remuneration and reward.Practices of human resource management can help to achieve the strategic objectives of firms relatives. One example is in the number of executives from parent firms, the latter may well devise and directs the activities of the joint venture. In addition, the use of training and the use of flexibility can also help overcome differences in strategic and national cultures between parent firms (Chapter 3).

Enabling a Remote Workforce. Essay

productiveness Are employees who telecommute much productive than their traditional righteousness colleagues? 1Savings What types of nest egg from a teleworking program should employers expect? 2Planning What change of proviso does an memorial tablet get hold of to do to properly implement a fortunate telecommuting program? 2Eligibility How do make outrs determine the eligibility of employees for telecommuting? 3Social Interaction What types of overtureible limitations do irrelevant featers friendship? 3Communication Limitations Are organizations disadvantaged due to converse limitations with hostile proles? 4 fakement How do managers productively manage and house upstage workers? 5Technical Issues 5 net profit What be the security, bandwidth, and infrastructure implications for the confederacy internet to support out-of-door entry? 5Hardw atomic number 18/Softw argon postulate What atomic number 18 the hardwargon, root infrastructure, and soft w are licensing needs for the outdoor(a) roler? 6 teleworking Variations What are alternative solutions or variations for telecommuting programs? 7Connectivity What are the legal documents and strikeations to accommodate irrelevant engagement access? 8Communication How do you yield your employees to communicate electronic whollyy and verbally from sign? 9 collaborationism What are the tools that foster converse? 9IT Support What are the options and disputes to providing hostile employees with skillful support? 10Cost How much does deploying a international workforce make up? 10Conclusion 11Introduction in that location are a number of good reasons why companies should consider financial support a remote worker program including an expanded labor pool, trim back traffic congestion apostrophizes (late arriving/stressed out employees), improved recruitment and retention of staff, facility cost savings, cut parking costs, switch offd vomit up leave and impr oved worker productivity. Conversely, on that point are whatsoever disadvantages that companies should alike be aware of including an isolated work force, family turf problems, lack of social fundamental interaction with other employees and the fear by remote workers that they impart be overlooked for promotions.Companies obviously consecrate a lot to factor in deciding whether or non to implement a telecommuting program. Thus, the conclusion of this paper is to lead consideration points to m some(prenominal) of the common questions facing much(prenominal) companies. The questions and discussion herein are divided into two primary categories skillful foul and organisational. They are intended to provide more generalized information that conclusion makers erect use to enhance their understanding of telecommuting issues.Organizational IssuesProductivity Are employees who telecommute more productive than their traditional mightiness staff colleagues?In general, remote workers appear to be more productive than traditional office workers. In an October 1995 survey of Fortune 1000 managers, 58% reported increased productivity by employees who telecommuted. Also, according to the State of Californias Telecommuting pilot project Program, companies that implemented a remote work force experienced productivity increases ranging from 10 30%. Further, telecommuters working for American Express produced 43% more byplay than their office-based counterparts1. Clearly the case can be made that remote workers are indeed more productive.The primary ex traination for improved productivity is a quieter work environment, which offers fewer interruptions. Certainly the remote worker too faces interruptions in their daily work, such as family pipeline, neighbors, chores, television, etc. However these interruptions are generally much fewer than those experienced by the traditional office worker.Savings What types of savings from a telecommuting program shoul d employers expect?The biggest savings for companies result from reduced absenteeism costs and reduced real estate costs. a great deal when employees need to simulate care of ad hominemised business such as doctor visits, car repair, tending to children, etc. they call in frantic for the entire day. However, remote workers can take care of person-to-person business and still accomplish some or most of their work tasks from home. The planetary Telework Association & Council estimates that employees who telecommute can save their employers $10,000 each(prenominal) in reduced absenteeism costs2.According to PC World, telework can cut corporate real estate costs from 25 to 90%, which can result in pregnant savings for employers. In fact, AT&T saves $25 peerless million million million per year from employees who are full- beat telecommuters3. Many companies who have implemented a successful telecommuting program have instituted hoteling systems in their offices. A hote l is fundamentally an empty cubicle that is set up with a phone, net profit uniteions and elementary office supplies that any employee can use, often by making a reservation with an office administrator. Hoteling offers telecommuting employees a place to work in the office when necessary without employers having to provide them with a full-time plant lifepace.Planning What kind of planning does an organization need to do to properly implement a successful telecommuting program?Without doubt one of the most significant keys to implementing a successful telecommuting program is proper planning. And since every organization has their unique differences (i.e. size, industry, complexity, culture, locale), there is no single formula for such planning. However, successful telecommuting programs should address the following at a minimum* work out an initial assessment* contain organizational strategy and culture* Consider the role of management* Consider the need for staff input* incur which staff tasks are most amenable to telecommuting* Consider regulatory compliance and legal issues* Determine technology needs* Prepare a cost-benefit abbreviation and/or ROI analysis4Eligibility How do managers determine the eligibility of employees for telecommuting?According to Langhoff, tasks that are most withdraw for telecommuting are jobs where a person works alone, handling information such as reports, proposals, data or enquiry. Writers, salespersons, nameants, programmers, in writing(p) artists, researchers, engineers, architects, public relations professionals all are prime candidates for telecommuting5. In determining eligibility for telecommuting, managers should first consider whether the employees tasks can be performed remotely. Second, an interrogative of the case-by-cases level of performance should be made (i.e. are they hard working and self-motivated or do they need constant care and coaching?). Of course it can be tricky selecting who can and cannot telecommute consequently companies should be aware of the capableness legal implications stemming from employees who wished to work remotely nevertheless were turned tidy sum.Social Interaction What types of social limitations do remote workers experience?Too often companies only view telecommuting as providing benefits to them and to their employees however, there remains potential downsides. One potential downside is the lack of social interaction between employees. Employees who work at an office context spend a considerable amount of their day interacting with other employees. These water-cooler discussions foster a chumminess that translates into value for companies when the same employees work on projects together or are in need of support from each other. Also, the camaraderie in fillly benefits the follow when management is trying to achieve buy-in on various initiatives. Lastly, having close relationships forfeit employees to maintain a healthy mental balan ce at work resulting in an overall higher level of morale.Once telecommuting is introduced into the mixed, some or all of those relationships are lost. Analysis of past telecommuting research shows that the most cited problem associated with negative impacts of telecommuting is the feeling of isolation and button of morale6. Although isolation feelings and loss of morale (and the resulting decrease in a associations value) are ticklish metrics to measure, some workable solutions have been devised to combat these negative issues. Other solutions have included limiting telecommuting days and making sure to include telecommuting employees in telephoner events7.Communication Limitations Are organizations disadvantaged due to intercourse limitations with remote workers?The office environment offers some benefits that telecommuting cannot provide. Most important amongst these benefits is the companys ability to communicate to its employees. Most offices display signs of the company s lead communication whether it is embodied in mission statements, annual goal and targets, or rude(a)sletters. Indirectly, the company communicates with corporate color schemes, promotion company clothing, and other brand material such as coffee mugs. All of these communications are omnipresent throughout the corporate office setting and help to make believe company pride, employee loyalty, and a sense of corporate culture. Employees who tend to work remotely are only exposed slightly to this communication through netmail, company calls, and other mailed material. This lack of corporate communication may lam to low motivation, lack of identification with the company, and reduced company loyalty8.The solution to the communication challenge is to ensure that corporate communication includes channels to the remote worker. In fact, companies should recognize that off-site employees need more direct and indirect communication such that employees do not separate those negative fe elings. Also, companies should make a concerted effort to limit telecommuting days and to include all telecommuting employees in company events9.Management How do managers successfully manage and support remote workers?Another challenge with telecommuting employees revolves around their direct management. Not only do managers find it much more difficult to monitor the productivity and effectiveness of their telecommuting employee, but they are in any case challenged by having to change their management style to incorporate the limitations brought about by telecommuting10. Managers who have telecommuting employees are also faced with more potential issues such as family conflicts arising from their employee working from home. These conflicts cross the boundary of work and personal life, and almost al slipway negatively impact productivity. Lastly, it is the role of managers to provide organizational support to the telecommuting employee. With the employee being off-site, the manage r is usually limited to telecommunicate and telephone to support his employee. This limitation further restricts a managers effectiveness and typically utilizes more of a managers time in sorting out support logistic11.Solutions to the managers challenge involve setting up a detailed action plan between manager and telecommuting employee. This action plan should be supplemented with an quick communication plan12. Once expectations for two parties are clearly outlined in the action plan, both parties can then communicate progress or support needs more efficiently. Moreover, managers can adapt their management styles to telecommuting employees by setting results-based milestones and orienting tasks into projects such that managers still retain experience of certain processes13.Technical IssuesNetwork What are the security, bandwidth, and infrastructure implications for the company cyberspace to support remote access?Before considering the strategy to deploying remote access for a company, a survey should be done of the dwelling lucre and current remote access configurations. Once a complete analysis of the current configuration and future needs are assessed, then the following issues need to be included in your strategy of preparing and deploying the company network for a remote force security, bandwidth, and infrastructure.14Table N1 3 Areas of Security15Internal NetworkUsually the most secure of the three, but still should be reviewed for any fallacies.External NetworkMust secure the PC in the remote location (i.e. firewalls, RSA encryption, etc) to prevent unauthorized access and snooping from the remote location.Remote proletarianLeast secure, must train security policies to be followed about passwords, where to connect, and who to trust.With more remote workers, there volition be an increased demand of bandwidth on the network. Will the remote employees be productive with the current infrastructure that your network can provide? Perhaps consider ations for upgrading from16FromToDial-up (56K)ISDN (128K-256K)ISDN (128K-256K)T1 (up to 1.5M)T1 (up to1.5M)T3 (44.736 Mbps)With the increase demand more infrastructure will be required for allowing an increasing number of remote workers to connect to the corporate network (more emcees, security hardware, and routing hardware).Hardware/ software product package package Needs What are the hardware, home infrastructure, and software licensing needs for the remote exploiter?For the employees who travel often, they are usually provided some mobile computing solutions and they have piece ways to work from remote locations. However the sunrise(prenominal) generation of employees, the remote worker will work from the comfort of their home. Working from home brings a new set of issues in to play.HARDWARE* Can the employee keep work and personal items separated?* If not, should the company provide additional hardware?* If the company does not provide additional hardware, then how much o f the employees hardware can be expensed if upgrades are necessary?* The employee may need/require a fax machine, an additional phone line, or other office equipment.SOFTWARE* Software licensing has be clear-cut as far as how many computers can use the same license, however what about home workers?* The companys site licensing may not move through home computers and will require the company to pay extra for these licenses.INFRASTRUCTURE* For someone at home who has a DSL, Cable, or Dial-Up connecting, how much of that should the company pay for?* Support, Support, Support. Who will provide the maintenance and support?* Is the home PC secure? If not, who will provide the hardware/software in order to secure it? Also consider how much of the companys data should be on the personal machine. What happens if the home PC is hacked?Telecommuting Variations What are alternative solutions or variations for telecommuting programs?Outlined in this paper is the most common setup for a compan y to develop telecommuting options for their employees. However most of these configurations allow the employee to use limited resources over the net income (access to shared folders, documents and e-mail). Depending on the size, the costs of setting up an infrastructure for telecommuting workforce could be unaffordable. The following are other options available to companies who wish to have a telecommuting workforce.Citrix withdraw or heard about the mainframe days? Well, history tends to retroflex itself. As more PCs were becoming powerful, we moved extraneous from the mainframe days. However with the Internet, the paradigm of sharing resources has returned and now software applications and operating(a) systems have the enhanced ability to handle more than one drug user concurrently. Citrix17 allows concurrent remote users access to a single legion that will give a separate session for each user. Each user will have access to the same set applications on one machine. This sol ves the software licensing issues of working from a remote location as wholesome as reduces amount of maintenance of hardware/software for the IT department.Satellite OfficesCompanies are opening satellite offices to reduce commute times for employees and help slake city traffic and parking congestion problems. This will result in reduced land costs since these centers are away from the city where the cost of living is lower.18 Telework centers are similar to a satellite office, but run low by independent parties. Unlike satellite offices, numerous employees use them. view of these options as outsourcing building/infrastructure issues.Connectivity What are the tools and considerations to accommodate remote network access?In todays information environment, connectivity has become crucial for a significant portion of the workplace. Access to email, network resources, server applications, and the Internet is a continual activity for the white-collar professional. At a minimum, co mpanies would be well served to support weathervanemail. In much the same vein as portal email (Hotmail, Yahoo), mail is well-kept on the company server. This server is then linked to a website, and employees can gain secure access to the company server via any browser. Once logged in, an individual has the full functionality of their account to compose, receive, store, and delete email without explicitly needing to connect to the company network. However, there will be a resulting lack of security employees need to be back up to create and regularly modify complex passwords, and to close public web sessions. That said, the security risk is only to an individual email account not the company network as a whole.A aid lawful ill-use for an IT department is to enable virtual(prenominal) Private Networking (VPN). This will allow employees to connect their remote machines to the company network after riseing an Internet connecter through an ISP. This machine then behaves just as a networked office-located computer. For users maintaining both an office and remote computer, this solution requires any desktop applications be maintained on both systems. To avoid this duality, many users will first establish a VPN connection and then emulate their office computer with intact Windows 2000 and Windows XP remote desktop tools or 3rd party tools such as VNC19. In essence, the remote machine then acts as a entrepot or monitor to the office computer, and the user can run the applications found on that machine without any needs for secondary software. The downside to this solution is that rivalry is only as good as the connection speed.Communication How do you allow your employees to communicate electronically and verbally from home?Todays telephone solutions for the telecommuter generally consist of providing an office phone with call-forwarding features to an employees business cell phone an often times reimbursed expense. This avoids some of the problems associ ated with using a home line for a combination of business, personal, and dial-up use. The office system simplifies contacting an individual (Simply dial an extension and press 7 to connect to the forwarded line preferably than maintaining a constantly changing set of employee contact information).A home line alternative is a distinctive ring system fourfold phone numbers (home, office, fax) use a single line with each producing a unique ring that can be directed to an appropriate voice mail box or machine (PC, fax). A second alternative consists of an off-premise-extension (OPX) or foreign exchange (FX) system. While more expensive, these systems actually mimic the office with a separate home line that is homogeneous to an office extension20.Electronic mail is a requirement for most remote users. IT departments can help support employees using multiple computers to access their email by allowing mail to be retained on the company server rather than downloaded to the individual PC. (As an unrelated benefit, this provides much greater redundancy in the event of a computer hard drive crash). Please see the discussion on web mail for more on remote e-mail use. A less intrusive substitute to phone conversations is blink of an eye messaging. While this has potential for both misuse and unproductive use (where conversation is more efficient), this is often times an ideal mechanism for sharing slight tidbits of information and is especially valuable for troubleshooting. A more extensive tool would be the newsgroup in combination with a company intranet. Here, employees can develop an extensive knowledge base of processes, questions and answers.Collaboration What are the tools that foster communication?At the lowest end of the technology spectrum, there is the traditional company call a virtual audio meeting with many parties. In an effort to fight the inherent isolationism of remote workers, the videoconference personalizes the conference call as participant s better identify with the visual image than the audio. To implement, however, youll need additional webcam hardware, videoconferencing software and a fast Internet connection.Chat dwells (a variation on the aforementioned instant messaging) are suitable for short discussions or as supplements to a meeting (agenda, minutes, links, data, follow-ups)Web conferencing often includes both videoconferencing and chat room features, but distinguishes itself in that it allows a moderator to emulate his/her desktop to the attendees. Among the forefront of the software leaders in this area is WebEx21.IT Support What are the options and challenges to providing remote employees with skilful support?One of the drawbacks to working remotely is the absence of immediate technical support for both trivial and complex hardware and software issues. given(p) that troubleshooting is often a hands-on activity, solving problems for telecommuters is likely to be prevent and time-consuming. However IT m anagers can take a number of steps to reduce downtime.* Standardize the equipment and installation. The more alike your users systems are, the better positioned you will be to puke and diagnose problems.* Maintain an inventory of back-up equipment in the same way that a car repair shop offers loaner cars.* Set up remote users so their desktops can be emulated by technical support in this way an IT department can provide step by step demonstrations to fix problems* Maintain an easily accessible FAQ and update it with each new problem and solutionManagers may also want to consider outsourcing their technical support requirements. Companies like Voyus22 provide 24 hour help desk support and web-based support applications.Cost How much does deploying a remote workforce cost?The decision that the companies face is how much ownership the company will take for each of the types of telecommuters. For an occasional telecommuter, the employee will more than likely take on the costs. For a heavy telecommuter, the company will probably need to cover the costs to the employee.Telecommuter TypeFrequencyImplementation Costs Involved insouciantInfrequentlyDial-up, Web-based applicationsRegularScheduled intervalsRemote Connection, 3rd Party Software, Laptop, Firewall, Router. saturnineFrequently to Full TimeProvide second computer, VPN connection, ISP costs, other office equipment, maintenance.It is not the technology costs that make or break the telecommuting decision, but its the organizational issues that should benefit the company if deployed properly.ConclusionTelecommuting attends to be the answer to the increased workload versus work/personal life balance issue that many companies are seeking. While there exist many challenges towards implementing a successful telecommuting plan, there also seem to be many practical solutions. The real issue seems to stem from whether a company will change its processes and standards to allow for telecommuting to co-exist with offic e employees. such(prenominal) a decision, as this paper has outlined, is not as simple as providing remote employees with an internet connection. Rather, the decision has significant technical and organizational ramifications that need to be well thought out before implementation otherwise, the company is doomed to make the mistakes of many companies that have haphazardly gone down this path.1 http//www.langhoff.com/faqs.html2 http//www.youcanworkfromanywhere.com/infocenter/facts.htm3 http//www.youcanworkfromanywhere.com/infocenter/facts.htm4 http//www.tfw.org.uk/teleworking/contents.htm5 http//www.langhoff.com/faqs.html6 Pinsonneault, A. (1999). The Impacts of Telecommuting on Organizations and Individuals A Review of the Literature, Cahier du GreSI, 99(9).7 Guimaraes, T., and Dallow, P. (1999). Empiracally Testing the Benefits, Problems, and supremacy Factors for Telecommuting Programs, European diary of instruction Systems, 8, 40-54.8 Davenport, T.H. and Pearlson, K. (1998). T wo Cheers for the Virtual Office, Sloan Management Review, 39(4), 51-65.9 Guimaraes, T., and Dallow, P. (1999). Empiracally Testing the Benefits, Problems, and Success Factors for Telecommuting Programs, European Journal of Information Systems, 8, 40-54.10 Kirvan, P. (1995). How to Manage Systems for Remote Workers, Communications News, 33, 67.11 Kirvan, P. (1995). How to Manage Systems for Remote Workers, Communications News, 33, 67.12 Guimaraes, T., and Dallow, P. (1999). Empiracally Testing the Benefits, Problems, and Success Factors for Telecommuting Programs, European Journal of Information Systems, 8, 40-54.13 Davenport, T.H. and Pearlson, K. (1998). Two Cheers for the Virtual Office, Sloan Management Review, 39(4), 51-65.14 Ascend Communications, 2002, Telecommuting Network Guide A Resource for Planners, Excutives, and Information Managers, http//users.skynet.be/teletravail/PDF/solut_technique.pdf15 Jessica L. Hirsch, 2000, Telecommuting Security Policies and Procedures for t he Work-From-Home Workforce, http//www.teleworker.org/articles/telework_security.html16 Bandwidth Savings, 2003, Services In Detailed, http//www.bandwidthsavings.net/servicesdetail.cfm17 Citrix.com, 2003, Home Page, http//www.citrix.com18 Hall, Aric, Bilski, Alicia, Wadman, Scott, 2003, Ways People Telecommute, http//members.tripod.com/trom/page3.html19 http//www.uk.research.att.com/vnc20 Wrobel, Leo A., February 1997, Helpful Hints for MIS Managers Supporting Telecommuters and Nomadic Users -Part I utterance Communications, http//www.rewireit.com/articles/w0297.pdf21 http//www.webx.com22 http//www.pcsupport.com/